X-Git-Url: https://git.shemshak.org/~bandali/bndl.org/blobdiff_plain/65641ab439f507b8cf0f24bca67b03fbcfbfa218..b307aaa9dfa368f039b2ea79efadfc217d3f3355:/2016/11/arch-macbook-air.md diff --git a/2016/11/arch-macbook-air.md b/2016/11/arch-macbook-air.md deleted file mode 100644 index e6a9e46..0000000 --- a/2016/11/arch-macbook-air.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,281 +0,0 @@ -title: Arch Linux on MacBook Air 2013 -date: 2016-11-01 ---- - -# Arch Linux on MacBook Air 2013 - -This post summarizes how I install and dual-boot Arch Linux with -Full-Disk Encryption alongside macOS. It is not meant to be a -replacement for the [Installation Guide][installation] or the -former [Beginner's Guide][beginners]. Rather, it mostly serves as a -small summary with a few useful notes about the gotchas. - -[installation]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/installation_guide -[beginners]: https://csdietz.github.io/arch-beginner-guide/ - -So, make sure you understand what you type into your terminal. If you -don't, checking out the Arch wiki should probably be your first step. - -_Note:_ you will need internet access throughout the installation and -the MacBook Air's WiFi doesn't work out of the box on Arch Linux. I -recommend using your phone's USB Tethering (if it does support it), or -using an Ethernet-USB adapter. - -## Shrinking the macOS partition - -The first step I take is resizing the HFS+ macOS partition to make -room for the new GNU/Linux installation. There are plenty -of tutorials on how to do this using macOS's Disk Utility, so do that -and then come back! - -## Creating a bootable Arch Linux Installer USB - -There are different ways of creating a bootable Arch Linux USB, all -documented on the [USB flash installation media][usb_install] page on -the Arch wiki, but the simplest one is using `dd` if you already have -access to another UNIX system. - -[usb_install]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/USB_flash_installation_media - -Warning: make sure you backup the data on -your flash drive, as `dd` will irrevocably destroy all data on it. - -Use `lsblk` to find the name (block device) of your USB drive, then -run `dd` (as root) as shown below: - -``` bash -dd bs=4M if=/path/to/archlinux.iso of=/dev/sdx status=progress && sync -``` - -Replace `/path/to/archlinux.iso` with the path to the Arch image you -have downloaded, and `/dev/sdx` with your drive. - -## Booting up from the USB - -After creating the install USB, reboot your laptop and hold the alt key and boot -into the USB. - -When booting is complete and you're presented with the prompt, it's a good time -to make sure you're connected to the internet (see the _note_ at the top of this -post). - -Use `ping` to verify that you've established a connection: - -```bash -ping archlinux.org -``` - -## Updating the system clock - -Once you're connected to the internet, make sure the system clock is accurate: - -```bash -timedatectl set-ntp true # start and enable systemd-timesyncd -``` - -You can check the service status using `timedatectl status`. - -## Partitioning - -I won't dive into partitioning and instead, I'll refer you to -the [Partitioning][partitioning] page of Arch wiki. Of the available -partitioning tools, I personally prefer `cfdisk`. - -[partitioning]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Partitioning - -## Setting up LVM & LUKS - -I use a [LVM on LUKS][lvm_on_luks] setup, where I set up LVM on top of -the encrypted partition. - -First, let's set up the underlying encrypted partition: - -``` bash -cryptsetup -v --cipher aes-xts-plain64 --key-size 512 --hash sha512 \ - --iter-time 5000 --use-urandom -y luksFormat /dev/sdaX -``` - -where `/dev/sdaX` is the partition you created in the last step -(e.g. `/dev/sda4`). For more information about the `cryptsetup` -options, see the [LUKS encryption options][luks_options]. - -[lvm_on_luks]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dm-crypt/Encrypting_an_entire_system#LVM_on_LUKS -[luks_options]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dm-crypt/Device_encryption#Encryption_options_for_LUKS_mode - -Then we open the container: - -``` bash -cryptsetup open --type luks /dev/sdaX lvm -``` - -Now it's time to use lvm and prepare the logical volume(s): - -``` bash -pvcreate /dev/mapper/lvm -vgcreate vg /dev/mapper/lvm -lvcreate --extents +100%FREE -n root vg -``` - -This will create a physical volume on the mapping we just opened, -create a volume group named `vg` on the physical volume, and create a -logical volume named `root` that spans the entire volume group. More -complex setups are possible thanks to the great flexibility of lvm. - -We now format the logical volume with `ext4`: - -``` bash -mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg-root -``` - -## Installing the base system - -Let's mount the logical volume, make a directory for the mount point -of the boot partition, and mount the boot partition (`/dev/sda1`): - -``` bash -mount /dev/mapper/vg-root /mnt -mkdir /mnt/boot -mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot -``` - -Finally, let's install the base system (and optionally `base-devel`): - -``` bash -pacstrap /mnt base base-devel -``` - -## Configuring the system - -Let's generate the fstab: - -``` bash -genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab -``` - -Use your favorite terminal-based editor, edit the fstab file and add -the `discard` option for the root partition to enable TRIM on the -SSD. - -Now we change root into our newly installed system and will configure -it. Adjust these according to your own setup. - -``` bash -arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash -passwd # set the root password -echo myhostname > /etc/hostname # set the hostname -ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Canada/Eastern /etc/localtime # time zone -hwclock --systohc --utc # write system clock to hardware clock (UTC) -useradd -m -G wheel -s /bin/bash myuser # create myuser -passwd myuser # set the password for myuser -echo "myuser ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" >> /etc/sudoers.d/myuser -# uncomment en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 and other needed locales in /etc/locale.gen -locale-gen -echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf -export LANG=en_US.UTF-8 -``` - -Then adjust the initramfs hooks in `/etc/mkinitcpio.conf` and enable -the `encrypt` and `lvm2` hooks, and make sure `keyboard` is available -before `encrypt` so you can actually type in the LUKS password when -booting. Your `HOOKS` line should look similar to this: - -``` -HOOKS="base udev autodetect modconf block keyboard encrypt lvm2 filesystems fsck" -``` - -After adjusting the hooks, build the initramfs: - -``` bash -mkinitcpio -p linux -``` - -Now, install the `intel-ucode` package. We'll configure the bootloader -to enable intel microcode updates. - -``` bash -pacman -S intel-ucode -``` - -Create the `/boot/loader/loader.conf` with the following content -(adjust the timeout to your liking): - -``` -default arch -timeout 3 -``` - -Then create the entry for Arch: - -``` bash -mkdir -p /boot/loader/entries -touch /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf -``` - -Now edit `/boot/loader/entries/arch.conf` to specify the Arch entry: - -``` -title Arch Linux -linux /vmlinuz-linux -initrd /intel-ucode.img -initrd /initramfs-linux.img -options cryptdevice=/dev/sdaX:vg:allow-discards root=/dev/mapper/vg-root rw -``` - -Again, `/dev/sdaX` is the partition you created in the -**Partitioning** step as the underlying encrypted partition. - -Finally, install the bootloader, exit the chroot, umount and reboot! - -``` bash -bootctl install -exit -umount -R /mnt -reboot -``` - -## Post-installation recommendations - -Congratulations! You now have a minimal Arch installation. - -At this point, I usually install my favorite AUR -helper, [pacaur][pacaur], then I -install the [broadcom-wl-dkms][broadcom-wl-dkms] wireless driver -and [mba6x_bl-dkms][mba6x_bl-dkms] backlight driver to fix the post -suspend/resume issue where three's no brightness after waking up from -suspend, and the only available brightness would be 100%. - -[broadcom-wl-dkms]: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/broadcom-wl-dkms/ -[mba6x_bl-dkms]: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/mba6x_bl-dkms/ - -``` bash -pacaur -S linux-headers dkms # linux-headers is required for dkms -pacaur -S broadcom-wl-dkms -pacaur -S mba6x_bl-dkms -``` - -[pacaur]: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/pacaur/ - -Then, I'd like to install - -- input, graphics, and sound drivers, -- a desktop environment (I prefer Xfce or LXQt), -- a display manager for login screen (lightdm or sddm), and -- a network manager (NetworkManager or ConnMan). - -Check out the [General recommendations][gen_reqs] for more details. - -[gen_reqs]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/General_recommendations - -## References - -Here are some resources I've come across each with lots of useful bits -and pieces, about installing Arch on a MacBook: - -- [pandeiro/arch-on-air](https://github.com/pandeiro/arch-on-air) -- [Arch Linux on MacBook Pro Retina 2014 with DM-Crypt, LVM and suspend to disk](https://loicpefferkorn.net/2015/01/arch-linux-on-macbook-pro-retina-2014-with-dm-crypt-lvm-and-suspend-to-disk/) -- [Installing Archlinux on Macbook Air 2013](http://frankshin.com/installing-archlinux-on-macbook-air-2013/) -- [Arch Linux Installation with OS X on Macbook Air (Dual Boot)](http://panks.me/posts/2013/06/arch-linux-installation-with-os-x-on-macbook-air-dual-boot/) -- [Installing (encrypted) Arch Linux on an Apple MacBook Pro](https://visual-assault.org/2016/03/05/install-encrypted-arch-linux-on-apple-macbook-pro/) -- [Installing Arch Linux on a MacBook Air 2013](http://alexeyzabelin.com/arch-on-mac) -- [Arch Linux running on my MacBook](https://medium.com/phils-thought-bubble-of-recent-stuff/arch-linux-running-on-my-macbook-2ea525ebefe3) -- [Dual boot Arch Linux on MacBook Pro Installation](http://codylittlewood.com/arch-linux-on-macbook-pro-installation/)