X-Git-Url: https://git.shemshak.org/~bandali/bndl.org/blobdiff_plain/ba696547714a5918b2ccbee0fd21235b9d0919be..a46a86fb27f906679b450dd535da61d6e78750c9:/source/2016/11/arch-macbook-air.org?ds=inline diff --git a/source/2016/11/arch-macbook-air.org b/source/2016/11/arch-macbook-air.org deleted file mode 100644 index b808320..0000000 --- a/source/2016/11/arch-macbook-air.org +++ /dev/null @@ -1,266 +0,0 @@ -#+title: Arch Linux on MacBook Air 2013 -#+date: [2016-11-01 Tue] -#+options: ^:nil - -#+include: "../../macros.org" - -This post summarizes how I install and dual-boot Arch Linux with -Full-Disk Encryption alongside macOS. It is not meant to be a -replacement for the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/installation_guide][Installation Guide]] or the former [[https://csdietz.github.io/arch-beginner-guide/][Beginner's Guide]]. -Rather, it mostly serves as a small summary with a few useful notes -about the gotchas. - -So, make sure you understand what you type into your terminal. If you -don't, checking out the Arch wiki should probably be your first step. - -/Note:/ you will need internet access throughout the installation and -the MacBook Air's WiFi doesn't work out of the box on Arch Linux. I -recommend using your phone's USB Tethering (if it does support it), or -using an Ethernet-USB adapter. - -* Shrinking the macOS partition - -The first step I take is resizing the HFS+ macOS partition to make -room for the new {{{abbr(GNU/Linux)}}} installation. There are plenty -of tutorials on how to do this using macOS's Disk Utility, so do that -and then come back! - -* Creating a bootable Arch Linux Installer USB - -There are different ways of creating a bootable Arch Linux USB, all -documented on the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/USB_flash_installation_media][USB flash installation media]] page on the Arch wiki, -but the simplest one is using =dd= if you already have access to -another UNIX system. - -{{{span(red,Warning:)}}} make sure you backup the data on your flash -drive, as =dd= will irrevocably destroy all data on it. - -Use =lsblk= to find the name (block device) of your USB drive, then -run =dd= (as root) as shown below: - -#+begin_src bash -dd bs=4M if=/path/to/archlinux.iso of=/dev/sdx status=progress && sync -#+end_src - -Replace =/path/to/archlinux.iso= with the path to the Arch image you -have downloaded, and =/dev/sdx= with your drive. - -* Booting up from the USB - -After creating the install USB, reboot your laptop and hold the alt -key and boot into the USB. - -When booting is complete and you're presented with the prompt, it's a -good time to make sure you're connected to the internet (see the -/note/ at the top of this post). - -Use =ping= to verify that you've established a connection: - -#+begin_src bash -ping archlinux.org -#+end_src - -* Updating the system clock - -Once you're connected to the internet, make sure the system clock is -accurate: - -#+begin_src bash -timedatectl set-ntp true # start and enable systemd-timesyncd -#+end_src - -You can check the service status using =timedatectl status=. - -* Partitioning -:PROPERTIES: -:CUSTOM_ID: partitioning -:END: - -I won't dive into partitioning and instead, I'll refer you to the -[[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Partitioning][Partitioning]] page of Arch wiki. Of the available partitioning tools, I -personally prefer =cfdisk=. - -* Setting up LVM & LUKS - -I use a [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dm-crypt/Encrypting_an_entire_system#LVM_on_LUKS][LVM on LUKS]] setup, where I set up LVM on top of the encrypted -partition. - -First, let's set up the underlying encrypted partition: - -#+begin_src bash -cryptsetup -v --cipher aes-xts-plain64 --key-size 512 --hash sha512 \ - --iter-time 5000 --use-urandom -y luksFormat /dev/sdaX -#+end_src - -where =/dev/sdaX= is the partition you created in the last step -(e.g. =/dev/sda4=). For more information about the =cryptsetup= -options, see the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dm-crypt/Device_encryption#Encryption_options_for_LUKS_mode][LUKS encryption options]]. - -Then we open the container: - -#+begin_src bash -cryptsetup open --type luks /dev/sdaX lvm -#+end_src - -Now it's time to use lvm and prepare the logical volume(s): - -#+begin_src bash -pvcreate /dev/mapper/lvm -vgcreate vg /dev/mapper/lvm -lvcreate --extents +100%FREE -n root vg -#+end_src - -This will create a physical volume on the mapping we just opened, -create a volume group named =vg= on the physical volume, and create a -logical volume named =root= that spans the entire volume group. More -complex setups are possible thanks to the great flexibility of lvm. - -We now format the logical volume with =ext4=: - -#+begin_src bash -mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg-root -#+end_src - -* Installing the base system - -Let's mount the logical volume, make a directory for the mount point -of the boot partition, and mount the boot partition (=/dev/sda1=): - -#+begin_src bash -mount /dev/mapper/vg-root /mnt -mkdir /mnt/boot -mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot -#+end_src - -Finally, let's install the base system (and optionally =base-devel=): - -#+begin_src bash -pacstrap /mnt base base-devel -#+end_src - -* Configuring the system - -Let's generate the fstab: - -#+begin_src bash -genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab -#+end_src - -Use your favorite terminal-based editor, edit the fstab file and add -the =discard= option for the root partition to enable TRIM on the SSD. - -Now we change root into our newly installed system and will configure -it. Adjust these according to your own setup. - -#+begin_src bash -arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash -passwd # set the root password -echo myhostname > /etc/hostname # set the hostname -ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Canada/Eastern /etc/localtime # time zone -hwclock --systohc --utc # write system clock to hardware clock (UTC) -useradd -m -G wheel -s /bin/bash myuser # create myuser -passwd myuser # set the password for myuser -echo "myuser ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" >> /etc/sudoers.d/myuser -# uncomment en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 and other needed locales in /etc/locale.gen -locale-gen -echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf -export LANG=en_US.UTF-8 -#+end_src - -Then adjust the initramfs hooks in =/etc/mkinitcpio.conf= and enable -the =encrypt= and =lvm2= hooks, and make sure =keyboard= is available -before =encrypt= so you can actually type in the LUKS password when -booting. Your =HOOKS= line should look similar to this: - -#+begin_src -HOOKS="base udev autodetect modconf block keyboard encrypt lvm2 filesystems fsck" -#+end_src - -After adjusting the hooks, build the initramfs: - -#+begin_src bash -mkinitcpio -p linux -#+end_src - -Now, install the =intel-ucode= package. We'll configure the bootloader -to enable intel microcode updates. - -#+begin_src bash -pacman -S intel-ucode -#+end_src - -Create the =/boot/loader/loader.conf= with the following content -(adjust the timeout to your liking): - -#+begin_src -default arch -timeout 3 -#+end_src - -Then create the entry for Arch: - -#+begin_src bash -mkdir -p /boot/loader/entries -touch /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf -#+end_src - -Now edit =/boot/loader/entries/arch.conf= to specify the Arch entry: - -#+begin_src -title Arch Linux -linux /vmlinuz-linux -initrd /intel-ucode.img -initrd /initramfs-linux.img -options cryptdevice=/dev/sdaX:vg:allow-discards root=/dev/mapper/vg-root rw -#+end_src - -Again, =/dev/sdaX= is the partition you created in the [[#partitioning][partitioning]] -step as the underlying encrypted partition. - -Finally, install the bootloader, exit the chroot, umount and reboot! - -#+begin_src bash -bootctl install -exit -umount -R /mnt -reboot -#+end_src - -* Post-installation recommendations - -Congratulations! You now have a minimal Arch installation. - -At this point, I usually install my favorite AUR helper, [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/pacaur/][pacaur]], then -I install the [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/broadcom-wl-dkms/][broadcom-wl-dkms]] wireless driver and [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/mba6x_bl-dkms/][mba6x_bl-dkms]] -backlight driver to fix the post suspend/resume issue where three's no -brightness after waking up from suspend, and the only available -brightness would be 100%. - -#+begin_src bash -pacaur -S linux-headers dkms # linux-headers is required for dkms -pacaur -S broadcom-wl-dkms -pacaur -S mba6x_bl-dkms -#+end_src - -Then, I'd like to install - -- input, graphics, and sound drivers, -- a desktop environment (I prefer Xfce or LXQt), -- a display manager for login screen (lightdm or sddm), and -- a network manager (NetworkManager or ConnMan). - -Check out the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/General_recommendations][General recommendations]] for more details. - -* References - -Here are some resources I've come across each with lots of useful bits -and pieces, about installing Arch on a MacBook: - -- [[https://github.com/pandeiro/arch-on-air][pandeiro/arch-on-air]] -- [[https://loicpefferkorn.net/2015/01/arch-linux-on-macbook-pro-retina-2014-with-dm-crypt-lvm-and-suspend-to-disk/][Arch Linux on MacBook Pro Retina 2014 with DM-Crypt, LVM and suspend to disk]] -- [[http://frankshin.com/installing-archlinux-on-macbook-air-2013/][Installing Archlinux on Macbook Air 2013]] -- [[http://panks.me/posts/2013/06/arch-linux-installation-with-os-x-on-macbook-air-dual-boot/][Arch Linux Installation with OS X on Macbook Air (Dual Boot)]] -- [[https://visual-assault.org/2016/03/05/install-encrypted-arch-linux-on-apple-macbook-pro/][Installing (encrypted) Arch Linux on an Apple MacBook Pro]] -- [[http://alexeyzabelin.com/arch-on-mac][Installing Arch Linux on a MacBook Air 2013]] -- [[https://medium.com/phils-thought-bubble-of-recent-stuff/arch-linux-running-on-my-macbook-2ea525ebefe3][Arch Linux running on my MacBook]] -- [[http://codylittlewood.com/arch-linux-on-macbook-pro-installation/][Dual boot Arch Linux on MacBook Pro Installation]]