[wip] update theme to get anchored headings
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1#+title: sources of aminb.org's pages and posts
2
3#+hugo_base_dir: ..
4#+seq_todo: TODO DRAFT DONE
5#+property: header-args :eval never-export
6#+options: author:nil
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8#+macro: abbr @@html:<abbr>$1</abbr>@@
9#+macro: span @@html:<span class="$1">$2</span>@@
10
11* Pages
12:PROPERTIES:
13:EXPORT_HUGO_SECTION: /
14:END:
15
16** Home
17:PROPERTIES:
18:EXPORT_FILE_NAME: _index
19:END:
20
21I'm a [[/uw][graduate student]] in the [[https://watform.uwaterloo.ca][WatForm]] group at University of Waterloo,
22supervised by [[https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~nday/][Dr. Nancy Day]]. I'm interested in using formal methods,
23especially type systems, to help make software more reliable.
24
25** CV
26:PROPERTIES:
27:EXPORT_FILE_NAME: cv
28:EXPORT_HUGO_MENU: :menu topnav :weight 10
29:END:
30
31My academic {{{abbr(CV)}}} is available as [[/cv.pdf][cv.pdf]],
32and an outdated professional resume is available as [[/resume.pdf][resume.pdf]] as
33well.
34
35I'm interested in functional programming and functional languages,
36type systems, and formal methods in general. I love writing Haskell
37and I'm looking into Rust and Lean as well. Feel free to [[/contact][drop me a
38line]] if you like to geek out about any of the above.
39
40** DONE Now
41CLOSED: [2018-09-04 Tue 10:53]
42:PROPERTIES:
43:EXPORT_FILE_NAME: now
44:EXPORT_HUGO_AUTO_SET_LASTMOD: t
45:EXPORT_HUGO_MENU: :menu topnav :weight 20
46:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER: :customTitle "What I'm doing now"
47:END:
48
49This is my [[https://nownownow.com/about][now page]].
50
51I'm currently doing my third semester as a [[/uw][graduate student]] in the
52Waterloo Formal Methods group at University of Waterloo. I'm also
53TA'ing [[https://www.student.cs.uwaterloo.ca/~se212/][SE 212: Logic and Computation]], taught by my supervisor, Nancy.
54
55In my spare time, I write [[https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.en.html][free software]] (projects page coming soon),
56and tend to various tasks as a GNU webmaster. I've also been picking
57up the guitar, after giving up on my longtime dream of being a
58pianist, at least for now.
59
60This update was on {{< lastmod >}}.
61
62** TODO Projects
63
64** DONE Contact
65CLOSED: [2018-09-03 Mon 20:44]
66:PROPERTIES:
67:EXPORT_FILE_NAME: contact
68:EXPORT_HUGO_MENU: :menu topnav :weight 40
69:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER: :customTitle "Say hello!"
70:END:
71
72#+macro: xmpp @@html:<a href="xmpp:$1">$1</a>@@
73
74You can contact me via email or through my accounts on various online
75platforms.
76
77*** Contact info
78
79- [[mailto:amin@aminb.org][amin@aminb.org]]
80- [[mailto:amin@gnu.org][amin@gnu.org]], I'm a volunteer [[https://www.gnu.org/people/webmeisters.html#aminb][GNU webmaster]]
81- [[mailto:abandali@uwaterloo.ca][abandali@uwaterloo.ca]], I'm a [[/uw][grad student]] @ UW
82- gpg key: [[https://pgp.surfnet.nl/pks/lookup?op=vindex&fingerprint=on&search=0xD1FBA36627D65876][CDDE 75F9 0353 8E71 813C DA27 D1FB A366 27D6 5876]]
83- aminb on [[https://freenode.net][freenode]] and [[https://wiki.mozilla.org/IRC][moznet]] IRC
84- [[https://matrix.to/#/@aminb:matrix.org][@aminb:matrix.org]] on Matrix
85- {{{xmpp(aminb@member.fsf.org)}}} via XMPP
86- [[https://pleroma.site/users/aminb][aminb@pleroma.site]] on the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fediverse][fediverse]]
87
88*** Other online places
89
90- [[https://git.sr.ht/%257Eaminb][~aminb]] on [[https://sr.ht][sr.ht]]
91- [[https://lobste.rs/u/aminb][aminb]] on Lobsters
92- [[https://gitlab.com/aminb][aminb]] on GitLab
93- [[https://keybase.io/amin][amin]] on Keybase
94- [[https://news.ycombinator.com/user?id=aban][aban]] on HN
95- [[https://www.reddit.com/u/aminb][aminb]] on Reddit
96- +[[https://github.com/aminb][aminb]] on GitHub+
97- +[[https://twitter.com/aminban][aminban]] on Twitter+
98
99** Colophon
100:PROPERTIES:
101:EXPORT_FILE_NAME: colophon
102:END:
103
104#+macro: light @@html:<label class="light-off-button-inline" for="light-off"></label>@@
105#+macro: ccbysa @@html:<a rel="license" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International @@{{{ccbysa-img}}}@@html:</a>@@
106#+macro: ccbysa-img @@html:<img alt="Creative Commons Licence" style="border-width:0" src="//i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/80x15.png"/>@@
107
108This is my personal website, previous versions of which I've ran on
109different domains since 2012. The last version was generated using
110[[https://www.romanzolotarev.com/ssg.html][ssg]] (shout out to Roman Zolotarev), but I've since ported it to GNU
111Emacs + Org mode.
112
113The sources are available on https://git.sr.ht/~aminb/aminb.org. The
114site is automatically generated on each =git push= using the
115[[https://builds.sr.ht][builds.sr.ht]] service (see the [[https://git.sr.ht/~aminb/aminb.org/tree/.build.yml][=.build.yml=]] build manifest) and is
116deployed to my server, where it's served by [[https://www.nginx.com][Nginx]] on [[https://www.debian.org][Debian GNU/Linux]].
117
118*** Night mode
119
120To toggle night mode, click on {{{light}}}, which is always available
121on the top navigation menu. It saves its state in a browser cookie,
122other than that no JavaScript is required to use this website.
123
124*** Copyright and Licenses
125:PROPERTIES:
126:CUSTOM_ID: copyright
127:END:
128
129The source code for this site is licensed under version 3 (or, at your
130option, any later version) of the [[https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html][GNU General Public License]] (see the
131[[https://git.sr.ht/~aminb/aminb.org/tree/COPYING][=COPYING=]] file). The contents of the website are licensed under a
132{{{ccbysa}}} license.
133
134** Search
135:PROPERTIES:
136:EXPORT_HUGO_SECTION: /
137:EXPORT_FILE_NAME: search
138:EXPORT_HUGO_LAYOUT: search
139:EXPORT_HUGO_OUTPUTS: html json
140:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER: :sitemap '((priority . 0.1))
141:END:
142Results from static site search implemented using /Fusejs/, /jquery/
143and /mark.js/. -- [[https://gist.github.com/eddiewebb/735feb48f50f0ddd65ae5606a1cb41ae][Source]]
144
145* Posts
146:PROPERTIES:
147:EXPORT_HUGO_SECTION: post
148:EXPORT_HUGO_AUTO_SET_LASTMOD: t
149:END:
150
151** Arch GNU/Linux on MacBook Air 2013 :arch:macbook:
152:PROPERTIES:
153:EXPORT_FILE_NAME: arch-macbook-air
154:EXPORT_DATE: 2016-11-01
155:EXPORT_OPTIONS: ^:{}
156:EXPORT_HUGO_ALIASES: /2016/11/arch-macbook-air
157:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER: :toc true
158:END:
159
160This post summarizes how I install and dual-boot Arch GNU/Linux with
161Full-Disk Encryption alongside macOS. It is not meant to be a
162replacement for the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/installation_guide][Installation Guide]] or the former [[https://csdietz.github.io/arch-beginner-guide/][Beginner's Guide]].
163Rather, it mostly serves as a small summary with a few useful notes
164about the gotchas.
165
166So, make sure you understand what you type into your terminal. If you
167don't, checking out the Arch wiki should probably be your first step.
168
169/Note:/ you will need internet access throughout the installation and
170the MacBook Air's WiFi doesn't work out of the box on Arch. I
171recommend using your phone's USB Tethering (if it does support it), or
172using an Ethernet-USB adapter.
173
174*** Shrinking the macOS partition
175
176The first step I take is resizing the HFS+ macOS partition to make
177room for the new {{{abbr(GNU/Linux)}}} installation. There are plenty
178of tutorials on how to do this using macOS's Disk Utility, so do that
179and then come back!
180
181*** Creating a bootable Arch Installer USB
182
183There are different ways of creating a bootable Arch USB, all
184documented on the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/USB_flash_installation_media][USB flash installation media]] page on the Arch wiki,
185but the simplest one is using =dd= if you already have access to
186another UNIX system.
187
188{{{span(red,Warning:)}}} make sure you backup the data on your flash
189drive, as =dd= will irrevocably destroy all data on it.
190
191Use =lsblk= to find the name (block device) of your USB drive, then
192run =dd= (as root) as shown below:
193
194#+begin_src bash
195dd bs=4M if=/path/to/archlinux.iso of=/dev/sdx status=progress && sync
196#+end_src
197
198Replace =/path/to/archlinux.iso= with the path to the Arch image you
199have downloaded, and =/dev/sdx= with your drive.
200
201*** Booting up from the USB
202
203After creating the install USB, reboot your laptop and hold the alt
204key and boot into the USB.
205
206When booting is complete and you're presented with the prompt, it's a
207good time to make sure you're connected to the internet (see the
208/note/ at the top of this post).
209
210Use =ping= to verify that you've established a connection:
211
212#+begin_src bash
213ping archlinux.org
214#+end_src
215
216*** Updating the system clock
217
218Once you're connected to the internet, make sure the system clock is
219accurate:
220
221#+begin_src bash
222timedatectl set-ntp true # start and enable systemd-timesyncd
223#+end_src
224
225You can check the service status using =timedatectl status=.
226
227*** Partitioning
228:PROPERTIES:
229:CUSTOM_ID: partitioning
230:END:
231
232I won't dive into partitioning and instead, I'll refer you to the
233[[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Partitioning][Partitioning]] page of Arch wiki. Of the available partitioning tools, I
234personally prefer =cfdisk=.
235
236*** Setting up LVM & LUKS
237
238I use a [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dm-crypt/Encrypting_an_entire_system#LVM_on_LUKS][LVM on LUKS]] setup, where I set up LVM on top of the encrypted
239partition.
240
241First, let's set up the underlying encrypted partition:
242
243#+begin_src bash
244cryptsetup -v --cipher aes-xts-plain64 --key-size 512 --hash sha512 \
245 --iter-time 5000 --use-urandom -y luksFormat /dev/sdaX
246#+end_src
247
248where =/dev/sdaX= is the partition you created in the last step
249(e.g. =/dev/sda4=). For more information about the =cryptsetup=
250options, see the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dm-crypt/Device_encryption#Encryption_options_for_LUKS_mode][LUKS encryption options]].
251
252Then we open the container:
253
254#+begin_src bash
255cryptsetup open --type luks /dev/sdaX lvm
256#+end_src
257
258Now it's time to use lvm and prepare the logical volume(s):
259
260#+begin_src bash
261pvcreate /dev/mapper/lvm
262vgcreate vg /dev/mapper/lvm
263lvcreate --extents +100%FREE -n root vg
264#+end_src
265
266This will create a physical volume on the mapping we just opened,
267create a volume group named =vg= on the physical volume, and create a
268logical volume named =root= that spans the entire volume group. More
269complex setups are possible thanks to the great flexibility of lvm.
270
271We now format the logical volume with =ext4=:
272
273#+begin_src bash
274mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg-root
275#+end_src
276
277*** Installing the base system
278
279Let's mount the logical volume, make a directory for the mount point
280of the boot partition, and mount the boot partition (=/dev/sda1=):
281
282#+begin_src bash
283mount /dev/mapper/vg-root /mnt
284mkdir /mnt/boot
285mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
286#+end_src
287
288Finally, let's install the base system (and optionally =base-devel=):
289
290#+begin_src bash
291pacstrap /mnt base base-devel
292#+end_src
293
294*** Configuring the system
295
296Let's generate the fstab:
297
298#+begin_src bash
299genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
300#+end_src
301
302Use your favorite terminal-based editor, edit the fstab file and add
303the =discard= option for the root partition to enable TRIM on the SSD.
304
305Now we change root into our newly installed system and will configure
306it. Adjust these according to your own setup.
307
308#+begin_src bash
309arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash
310passwd # set the root password
311echo myhostname > /etc/hostname # set the hostname
312ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Canada/Eastern /etc/localtime # time zone
313hwclock --systohc --utc # write system clock to hardware clock (UTC)
314useradd -m -G wheel -s /bin/bash myuser # create myuser
315passwd myuser # set the password for myuser
316echo "myuser ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" >> /etc/sudoers.d/myuser
317# uncomment en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 and other needed locales in /etc/locale.gen
318locale-gen
319echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf
320export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
321#+end_src
322
323Then adjust the initramfs hooks in =/etc/mkinitcpio.conf= and enable
324the =encrypt= and =lvm2= hooks, and make sure =keyboard= is available
325before =encrypt= so you can actually type in the LUKS password when
326booting. Your =HOOKS= line should look similar to this:
327
328#+begin_src
329HOOKS="base udev autodetect modconf block keyboard encrypt lvm2 filesystems fsck"
330#+end_src
331
332After adjusting the hooks, build the initramfs:
333
334#+begin_src bash
335mkinitcpio -p linux
336#+end_src
337
338Now, install the =intel-ucode= package. We'll configure the bootloader
339to enable intel microcode updates.
340
341#+begin_src bash
342pacman -S intel-ucode
343#+end_src
344
345Create the =/boot/loader/loader.conf= with the following content
346(adjust the timeout to your liking):
347
348#+begin_src
349default arch
350timeout 3
351#+end_src
352
353Then create the entry for Arch:
354
355#+begin_src bash
356mkdir -p /boot/loader/entries
357touch /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf
358#+end_src
359
360Now edit =/boot/loader/entries/arch.conf= to specify the Arch entry:
361
362#+begin_src
363title Arch GNU/Linux
364linux /vmlinuz-linux
365initrd /intel-ucode.img
366initrd /initramfs-linux.img
367options cryptdevice=/dev/sdaX:vg:allow-discards root=/dev/mapper/vg-root rw
368#+end_src
369
370Again, =/dev/sdaX= is the partition you created in the [[#partitioning][partitioning]]
371step as the underlying encrypted partition.
372
373Finally, install the bootloader, exit the chroot, umount and reboot!
374
375#+begin_src bash
376bootctl install
377exit
378umount -R /mnt
379reboot
380#+end_src
381
382*** Post-installation recommendations
383
384Congratulations! You now have a minimal Arch installation.
385
386At this point, I usually install my favorite AUR helper, [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/pacaur/][pacaur]], then
387I install the [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/broadcom-wl-dkms/][broadcom-wl-dkms]] wireless driver and [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/mba6x_bl-dkms/][mba6x_bl-dkms]]
388backlight driver to fix the post suspend/resume issue where three's no
389brightness after waking up from suspend, and the only available
390brightness would be 100%.
391
392#+begin_src bash
393pacaur -S linux-headers dkms # linux-headers is required for dkms
394pacaur -S broadcom-wl-dkms
395pacaur -S mba6x_bl-dkms
396#+end_src
397
398Then, I'd like to install
399
400- input, graphics, and sound drivers,
401- a desktop environment (I prefer Xfce or LXQt),
402- a display manager for login screen (lightdm or sddm), and
403- a network manager (NetworkManager or ConnMan).
404
405Check out the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/General_recommendations][General recommendations]] for more details.
406
407*** References
408
409Here are some resources I've come across each with lots of useful bits
410and pieces, about installing Arch on a MacBook:
411
412- [[https://github.com/pandeiro/arch-on-air][pandeiro/arch-on-air]]
413- [[https://loicpefferkorn.net/2015/01/arch-linux-on-macbook-pro-retina-2014-with-dm-crypt-lvm-and-suspend-to-disk/][Arch Linux on MacBook Pro Retina 2014 with DM-Crypt, LVM and suspend to disk]]
414- [[http://frankshin.com/installing-archlinux-on-macbook-air-2013/][Installing Archlinux on Macbook Air 2013]]
415- [[http://panks.me/posts/2013/06/arch-linux-installation-with-os-x-on-macbook-air-dual-boot/][Arch Linux Installation with OS X on Macbook Air (Dual Boot)]]
416- [[https://visual-assault.org/2016/03/05/install-encrypted-arch-linux-on-apple-macbook-pro/][Installing (encrypted) Arch Linux on an Apple MacBook Pro]]
417- [[http://alexeyzabelin.com/arch-on-mac][Installing Arch Linux on a MacBook Air 2013]]
418- [[https://medium.com/phils-thought-bubble-of-recent-stuff/arch-linux-running-on-my-macbook-2ea525ebefe3][Arch Linux running on my MacBook]]
419- [[http://codylittlewood.com/arch-linux-on-macbook-pro-installation/][Dual boot Arch Linux on MacBook Pro Installation]]
420
421
422* COMMENT Local Variables :ARCHIVE:
423# Local Variables:
424# org-hugo-footer: "\n\n[//]: # \"Exported with love from a post written in Org mode\"\n[//]: # \"- https://ox-hugo.scripter.co\""
425# org-hugo-auto-export-on-save: t
426# End: