5f31ecd9f1ccb05b2cf20b9fadea71ccdbd57986
[~bandali/bndl.org] / content-org / aminb.org
1 #+title: sources of aminb.org's pages and posts
2
3 #+hugo_base_dir: ..
4 #+seq_todo: TODO DRAFT DONE
5 #+property: header-args :eval never-export
6 #+options: author:nil
7
8 #+macro: abbr @@html:<abbr>$1</abbr>@@
9 #+macro: span @@html:<span class="$1">$2</span>@@
10
11 * Pages
12 :PROPERTIES:
13 :EXPORT_HUGO_SECTION: /
14 :EXPORT_HUGO_MENU: :menu topnav
15 :END:
16
17 ** CV
18 :PROPERTIES:
19 :EXPORT_FILE_NAME: cv
20 :END:
21
22 My academic {{{abbr(CV)}}} is available as [[/cv.pdf][cv.pdf]],
23 and an outdated professional resume is available as [[/resume.pdf][resume.pdf]] as
24 well.
25
26 I'm interested in functional programming and functional languages,
27 type systems, and formal methods in general. I love writing Haskell
28 and I'm looking into Rust and Lean as well. Feel free to [[/contact][drop me a
29 line]] if you like to geek out about any of the above.
30
31 ** TODO Now
32
33 ** TODO Projects
34
35 ** TODO Contact
36
37 * Posts
38 :PROPERTIES:
39 :EXPORT_HUGO_SECTION: post
40 :EXPORT_HUGO_MENU: :menu main
41 :END:
42
43 ** Arch GNU/Linux on MacBook Air 2013 :arch:macbook:
44 :PROPERTIES:
45 :EXPORT_FILE_NAME: arch-macbook-air
46 :EXPORT_DATE: 2016-11-01
47 :EXPORT_HUGO_MENU: :menu main
48 :EXPORT_OPTIONS: ^:{}
49 :END:
50
51 This post summarizes how I install and dual-boot Arch GNU/Linux with
52 Full-Disk Encryption alongside macOS. It is not meant to be a
53 replacement for the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/installation_guide][Installation Guide]] or the former [[https://csdietz.github.io/arch-beginner-guide/][Beginner's Guide]].
54 Rather, it mostly serves as a small summary with a few useful notes
55 about the gotchas.
56
57 So, make sure you understand what you type into your terminal. If you
58 don't, checking out the Arch wiki should probably be your first step.
59
60 /Note:/ you will need internet access throughout the installation and
61 the MacBook Air's WiFi doesn't work out of the box on Arch. I
62 recommend using your phone's USB Tethering (if it does support it), or
63 using an Ethernet-USB adapter.
64
65 *** Shrinking the macOS partition
66
67 The first step I take is resizing the HFS+ macOS partition to make
68 room for the new {{{abbr(GNU/Linux)}}} installation. There are plenty
69 of tutorials on how to do this using macOS's Disk Utility, so do that
70 and then come back!
71
72 *** Creating a bootable Arch Installer USB
73
74 There are different ways of creating a bootable Arch USB, all
75 documented on the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/USB_flash_installation_media][USB flash installation media]] page on the Arch wiki,
76 but the simplest one is using =dd= if you already have access to
77 another UNIX system.
78
79 {{{span(red,Warning:)}}} make sure you backup the data on your flash
80 drive, as =dd= will irrevocably destroy all data on it.
81
82 Use =lsblk= to find the name (block device) of your USB drive, then
83 run =dd= (as root) as shown below:
84
85 #+begin_src bash
86 dd bs=4M if=/path/to/archlinux.iso of=/dev/sdx status=progress && sync
87 #+end_src
88
89 Replace =/path/to/archlinux.iso= with the path to the Arch image you
90 have downloaded, and =/dev/sdx= with your drive.
91
92 *** Booting up from the USB
93
94 After creating the install USB, reboot your laptop and hold the alt
95 key and boot into the USB.
96
97 When booting is complete and you're presented with the prompt, it's a
98 good time to make sure you're connected to the internet (see the
99 /note/ at the top of this post).
100
101 Use =ping= to verify that you've established a connection:
102
103 #+begin_src bash
104 ping archlinux.org
105 #+end_src
106
107 *** Updating the system clock
108
109 Once you're connected to the internet, make sure the system clock is
110 accurate:
111
112 #+begin_src bash
113 timedatectl set-ntp true # start and enable systemd-timesyncd
114 #+end_src
115
116 You can check the service status using =timedatectl status=.
117
118 *** Partitioning
119 :PROPERTIES:
120 :CUSTOM_ID: partitioning
121 :END:
122
123 I won't dive into partitioning and instead, I'll refer you to the
124 [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Partitioning][Partitioning]] page of Arch wiki. Of the available partitioning tools, I
125 personally prefer =cfdisk=.
126
127 *** Setting up LVM & LUKS
128
129 I use a [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dm-crypt/Encrypting_an_entire_system#LVM_on_LUKS][LVM on LUKS]] setup, where I set up LVM on top of the encrypted
130 partition.
131
132 First, let's set up the underlying encrypted partition:
133
134 #+begin_src bash
135 cryptsetup -v --cipher aes-xts-plain64 --key-size 512 --hash sha512 \
136 --iter-time 5000 --use-urandom -y luksFormat /dev/sdaX
137 #+end_src
138
139 where =/dev/sdaX= is the partition you created in the last step
140 (e.g. =/dev/sda4=). For more information about the =cryptsetup=
141 options, see the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dm-crypt/Device_encryption#Encryption_options_for_LUKS_mode][LUKS encryption options]].
142
143 Then we open the container:
144
145 #+begin_src bash
146 cryptsetup open --type luks /dev/sdaX lvm
147 #+end_src
148
149 Now it's time to use lvm and prepare the logical volume(s):
150
151 #+begin_src bash
152 pvcreate /dev/mapper/lvm
153 vgcreate vg /dev/mapper/lvm
154 lvcreate --extents +100%FREE -n root vg
155 #+end_src
156
157 This will create a physical volume on the mapping we just opened,
158 create a volume group named =vg= on the physical volume, and create a
159 logical volume named =root= that spans the entire volume group. More
160 complex setups are possible thanks to the great flexibility of lvm.
161
162 We now format the logical volume with =ext4=:
163
164 #+begin_src bash
165 mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg-root
166 #+end_src
167
168 *** Installing the base system
169
170 Let's mount the logical volume, make a directory for the mount point
171 of the boot partition, and mount the boot partition (=/dev/sda1=):
172
173 #+begin_src bash
174 mount /dev/mapper/vg-root /mnt
175 mkdir /mnt/boot
176 mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
177 #+end_src
178
179 Finally, let's install the base system (and optionally =base-devel=):
180
181 #+begin_src bash
182 pacstrap /mnt base base-devel
183 #+end_src
184
185 *** Configuring the system
186
187 Let's generate the fstab:
188
189 #+begin_src bash
190 genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
191 #+end_src
192
193 Use your favorite terminal-based editor, edit the fstab file and add
194 the =discard= option for the root partition to enable TRIM on the SSD.
195
196 Now we change root into our newly installed system and will configure
197 it. Adjust these according to your own setup.
198
199 #+begin_src bash
200 arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash
201 passwd # set the root password
202 echo myhostname > /etc/hostname # set the hostname
203 ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Canada/Eastern /etc/localtime # time zone
204 hwclock --systohc --utc # write system clock to hardware clock (UTC)
205 useradd -m -G wheel -s /bin/bash myuser # create myuser
206 passwd myuser # set the password for myuser
207 echo "myuser ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" >> /etc/sudoers.d/myuser
208 # uncomment en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 and other needed locales in /etc/locale.gen
209 locale-gen
210 echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf
211 export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
212 #+end_src
213
214 Then adjust the initramfs hooks in =/etc/mkinitcpio.conf= and enable
215 the =encrypt= and =lvm2= hooks, and make sure =keyboard= is available
216 before =encrypt= so you can actually type in the LUKS password when
217 booting. Your =HOOKS= line should look similar to this:
218
219 #+begin_src
220 HOOKS="base udev autodetect modconf block keyboard encrypt lvm2 filesystems fsck"
221 #+end_src
222
223 After adjusting the hooks, build the initramfs:
224
225 #+begin_src bash
226 mkinitcpio -p linux
227 #+end_src
228
229 Now, install the =intel-ucode= package. We'll configure the bootloader
230 to enable intel microcode updates.
231
232 #+begin_src bash
233 pacman -S intel-ucode
234 #+end_src
235
236 Create the =/boot/loader/loader.conf= with the following content
237 (adjust the timeout to your liking):
238
239 #+begin_src
240 default arch
241 timeout 3
242 #+end_src
243
244 Then create the entry for Arch:
245
246 #+begin_src bash
247 mkdir -p /boot/loader/entries
248 touch /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf
249 #+end_src
250
251 Now edit =/boot/loader/entries/arch.conf= to specify the Arch entry:
252
253 #+begin_src
254 title Arch GNU/Linux
255 linux /vmlinuz-linux
256 initrd /intel-ucode.img
257 initrd /initramfs-linux.img
258 options cryptdevice=/dev/sdaX:vg:allow-discards root=/dev/mapper/vg-root rw
259 #+end_src
260
261 Again, =/dev/sdaX= is the partition you created in the [[#partitioning][partitioning]]
262 step as the underlying encrypted partition.
263
264 Finally, install the bootloader, exit the chroot, umount and reboot!
265
266 #+begin_src bash
267 bootctl install
268 exit
269 umount -R /mnt
270 reboot
271 #+end_src
272
273 *** Post-installation recommendations
274
275 Congratulations! You now have a minimal Arch installation.
276
277 At this point, I usually install my favorite AUR helper, [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/pacaur/][pacaur]], then
278 I install the [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/broadcom-wl-dkms/][broadcom-wl-dkms]] wireless driver and [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/mba6x_bl-dkms/][mba6x_bl-dkms]]
279 backlight driver to fix the post suspend/resume issue where three's no
280 brightness after waking up from suspend, and the only available
281 brightness would be 100%.
282
283 #+begin_src bash
284 pacaur -S linux-headers dkms # linux-headers is required for dkms
285 pacaur -S broadcom-wl-dkms
286 pacaur -S mba6x_bl-dkms
287 #+end_src
288
289 Then, I'd like to install
290
291 - input, graphics, and sound drivers,
292 - a desktop environment (I prefer Xfce or LXQt),
293 - a display manager for login screen (lightdm or sddm), and
294 - a network manager (NetworkManager or ConnMan).
295
296 Check out the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/General_recommendations][General recommendations]] for more details.
297
298 *** References
299
300 Here are some resources I've come across each with lots of useful bits
301 and pieces, about installing Arch on a MacBook:
302
303 - [[https://github.com/pandeiro/arch-on-air][pandeiro/arch-on-air]]
304 - [[https://loicpefferkorn.net/2015/01/arch-linux-on-macbook-pro-retina-2014-with-dm-crypt-lvm-and-suspend-to-disk/][Arch Linux on MacBook Pro Retina 2014 with DM-Crypt, LVM and suspend to disk]]
305 - [[http://frankshin.com/installing-archlinux-on-macbook-air-2013/][Installing Archlinux on Macbook Air 2013]]
306 - [[http://panks.me/posts/2013/06/arch-linux-installation-with-os-x-on-macbook-air-dual-boot/][Arch Linux Installation with OS X on Macbook Air (Dual Boot)]]
307 - [[https://visual-assault.org/2016/03/05/install-encrypted-arch-linux-on-apple-macbook-pro/][Installing (encrypted) Arch Linux on an Apple MacBook Pro]]
308 - [[http://alexeyzabelin.com/arch-on-mac][Installing Arch Linux on a MacBook Air 2013]]
309 - [[https://medium.com/phils-thought-bubble-of-recent-stuff/arch-linux-running-on-my-macbook-2ea525ebefe3][Arch Linux running on my MacBook]]
310 - [[http://codylittlewood.com/arch-linux-on-macbook-pro-installation/][Dual boot Arch Linux on MacBook Pro Installation]]
311
312 * Meta
313 ** Search
314 :PROPERTIES:
315 :EXPORT_HUGO_SECTION: /
316 :EXPORT_FILE_NAME: search
317 :EXPORT_HUGO_LAYOUT: search
318 :EXPORT_HUGO_OUTPUTS: html json
319 :EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER: :sitemap '((priority . 0.1))
320 :END:
321 Results from static site search implemented using /Fusejs/, /jquery/
322 and /mark.js/. -- [[https://gist.github.com/eddiewebb/735feb48f50f0ddd65ae5606a1cb41ae][Source]]
323
324 * COMMENT Local Variables :ARCHIVE:
325 # Local Variables:
326 # org-hugo-footer: "\n\n[//]: # \"Exported with love from a post written in Org mode\"\n[//]: # \"- https://github.com/kaushalmodi/ox-hugo\""
327 # End: