b3033071e3e91559a54087f3e03a390fa51283e9
[~bandali/bndl.org] / content-org / aminb.org
1 #+title: sources of aminb.org's pages and posts
2
3 #+hugo_base_dir: ..
4 #+seq_todo: TODO DRAFT DONE
5 #+property: header-args :eval never-export
6 #+options: author:nil
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8 #+macro: abbr @@html:<abbr>$1</abbr>@@
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10
11 * Home
12 :PROPERTIES:
13 :EXPORT_HUGO_SECTION: /
14 :EXPORT_FILE_NAME: _index
15 :END:
16
17 I'm a [[/uw][graduate student]] in the [[https://watform.uwaterloo.ca][WatForm]] group at University of Waterloo,
18 supervised by [[https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~nday/][Dr. Nancy Day]]. I'm interested in using formal methods,
19 especially type systems, to help make software more reliable.
20
21 * Pages
22 :PROPERTIES:
23 :EXPORT_HUGO_SECTION: /
24 :EXPORT_HUGO_MENU: :menu topnav
25 :END:
26
27 ** CV
28 :PROPERTIES:
29 :EXPORT_FILE_NAME: cv
30 :END:
31
32 My academic {{{abbr(CV)}}} is available as [[/cv.pdf][cv.pdf]],
33 and an outdated professional resume is available as [[/resume.pdf][resume.pdf]] as
34 well.
35
36 I'm interested in functional programming and functional languages,
37 type systems, and formal methods in general. I love writing Haskell
38 and I'm looking into Rust and Lean as well. Feel free to [[/contact][drop me a
39 line]] if you like to geek out about any of the above.
40
41 ** TODO Now
42
43 ** TODO Projects
44
45 ** DONE Contact
46 CLOSED: [2018-09-03 Mon 20:44]
47 :PROPERTIES:
48 :EXPORT_FILE_NAME: contact
49 :EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER: :customTitle "Say hello!"
50 :END:
51
52 #+macro: xmpp @@html:<a href="xmpp:$1">$1</a>@@
53
54 You can contact me via email or through my accounts on various online
55 platforms.
56
57 *** Contact info
58
59 - [[mailto:amin@aminb.org][amin@aminb.org]]
60 - [[mailto:amin@gnu.org][amin@gnu.org]], I'm a volunteer [[https://www.gnu.org/people/webmeisters.html#aminb][GNU webmaster]]
61 - [[mailto:abandali@uwaterloo.ca][abandali@uwaterloo.ca]], I'm a [[file:uw.org][grad student]] @ UW
62 - gpg key: [[https://pgp.surfnet.nl/pks/lookup?op=vindex&fingerprint=on&search=0xD1FBA36627D65876][CDDE 75F9 0353 8E71 813C DA27 D1FB A366 27D6 5876]]
63 - aminb on [[https://freenode.net][freenode]] and [[https://wiki.mozilla.org/IRC][moznet]] IRC
64 - [[https://matrix.to/#/@aminb:matrix.org][@aminb:matrix.org]] on Matrix
65 - {{{xmpp(aminb@member.fsf.org)}}} via XMPP
66 - [[https://pleroma.site/users/aminb][aminb@pleroma.site]] on the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fediverse][fediverse]]
67
68 *** Other online places
69
70 - [[https://git.sr.ht/%257Eaminb][~aminb]] on [[https://sr.ht][sr.ht]]
71 - [[https://lobste.rs/u/aminb][aminb]] on Lobsters
72 - [[https://gitlab.com/aminb][aminb]] on GitLab
73 - [[https://keybase.io/amin][amin]] on Keybase
74 - [[https://news.ycombinator.com/user?id=aban][aban]] on HN
75 - [[https://www.reddit.com/u/aminb][aminb]] on Reddit
76 - +[[https://github.com/aminb][aminb]] on GitHub+
77 - +[[https://twitter.com/aminban][aminban]] on Twitter+
78
79 * Posts
80 :PROPERTIES:
81 :EXPORT_HUGO_SECTION: post
82 :EXPORT_HUGO_MENU: :menu main
83 :EXPORT_HUGO_AUTO_SET_LASTMOD: t
84 :END:
85
86 ** Arch GNU/Linux on MacBook Air 2013 :arch:macbook:
87 :PROPERTIES:
88 :EXPORT_FILE_NAME: arch-macbook-air
89 :EXPORT_DATE: 2016-11-01
90 :EXPORT_OPTIONS: ^:{}
91 :EXPORT_HUGO_MENU: :menu main
92 :EXPORT_HUGO_ALIASES: /2016/11/arch-macbook-air
93 :EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER: :toc true
94 :END:
95
96 This post summarizes how I install and dual-boot Arch GNU/Linux with
97 Full-Disk Encryption alongside macOS. It is not meant to be a
98 replacement for the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/installation_guide][Installation Guide]] or the former [[https://csdietz.github.io/arch-beginner-guide/][Beginner's Guide]].
99 Rather, it mostly serves as a small summary with a few useful notes
100 about the gotchas.
101
102 So, make sure you understand what you type into your terminal. If you
103 don't, checking out the Arch wiki should probably be your first step.
104
105 /Note:/ you will need internet access throughout the installation and
106 the MacBook Air's WiFi doesn't work out of the box on Arch. I
107 recommend using your phone's USB Tethering (if it does support it), or
108 using an Ethernet-USB adapter.
109
110 *** Shrinking the macOS partition
111
112 The first step I take is resizing the HFS+ macOS partition to make
113 room for the new {{{abbr(GNU/Linux)}}} installation. There are plenty
114 of tutorials on how to do this using macOS's Disk Utility, so do that
115 and then come back!
116
117 *** Creating a bootable Arch Installer USB
118
119 There are different ways of creating a bootable Arch USB, all
120 documented on the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/USB_flash_installation_media][USB flash installation media]] page on the Arch wiki,
121 but the simplest one is using =dd= if you already have access to
122 another UNIX system.
123
124 {{{span(red,Warning:)}}} make sure you backup the data on your flash
125 drive, as =dd= will irrevocably destroy all data on it.
126
127 Use =lsblk= to find the name (block device) of your USB drive, then
128 run =dd= (as root) as shown below:
129
130 #+begin_src bash
131 dd bs=4M if=/path/to/archlinux.iso of=/dev/sdx status=progress && sync
132 #+end_src
133
134 Replace =/path/to/archlinux.iso= with the path to the Arch image you
135 have downloaded, and =/dev/sdx= with your drive.
136
137 *** Booting up from the USB
138
139 After creating the install USB, reboot your laptop and hold the alt
140 key and boot into the USB.
141
142 When booting is complete and you're presented with the prompt, it's a
143 good time to make sure you're connected to the internet (see the
144 /note/ at the top of this post).
145
146 Use =ping= to verify that you've established a connection:
147
148 #+begin_src bash
149 ping archlinux.org
150 #+end_src
151
152 *** Updating the system clock
153
154 Once you're connected to the internet, make sure the system clock is
155 accurate:
156
157 #+begin_src bash
158 timedatectl set-ntp true # start and enable systemd-timesyncd
159 #+end_src
160
161 You can check the service status using =timedatectl status=.
162
163 *** Partitioning
164 :PROPERTIES:
165 :CUSTOM_ID: partitioning
166 :END:
167
168 I won't dive into partitioning and instead, I'll refer you to the
169 [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Partitioning][Partitioning]] page of Arch wiki. Of the available partitioning tools, I
170 personally prefer =cfdisk=.
171
172 *** Setting up LVM & LUKS
173
174 I use a [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dm-crypt/Encrypting_an_entire_system#LVM_on_LUKS][LVM on LUKS]] setup, where I set up LVM on top of the encrypted
175 partition.
176
177 First, let's set up the underlying encrypted partition:
178
179 #+begin_src bash
180 cryptsetup -v --cipher aes-xts-plain64 --key-size 512 --hash sha512 \
181 --iter-time 5000 --use-urandom -y luksFormat /dev/sdaX
182 #+end_src
183
184 where =/dev/sdaX= is the partition you created in the last step
185 (e.g. =/dev/sda4=). For more information about the =cryptsetup=
186 options, see the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dm-crypt/Device_encryption#Encryption_options_for_LUKS_mode][LUKS encryption options]].
187
188 Then we open the container:
189
190 #+begin_src bash
191 cryptsetup open --type luks /dev/sdaX lvm
192 #+end_src
193
194 Now it's time to use lvm and prepare the logical volume(s):
195
196 #+begin_src bash
197 pvcreate /dev/mapper/lvm
198 vgcreate vg /dev/mapper/lvm
199 lvcreate --extents +100%FREE -n root vg
200 #+end_src
201
202 This will create a physical volume on the mapping we just opened,
203 create a volume group named =vg= on the physical volume, and create a
204 logical volume named =root= that spans the entire volume group. More
205 complex setups are possible thanks to the great flexibility of lvm.
206
207 We now format the logical volume with =ext4=:
208
209 #+begin_src bash
210 mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg-root
211 #+end_src
212
213 *** Installing the base system
214
215 Let's mount the logical volume, make a directory for the mount point
216 of the boot partition, and mount the boot partition (=/dev/sda1=):
217
218 #+begin_src bash
219 mount /dev/mapper/vg-root /mnt
220 mkdir /mnt/boot
221 mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
222 #+end_src
223
224 Finally, let's install the base system (and optionally =base-devel=):
225
226 #+begin_src bash
227 pacstrap /mnt base base-devel
228 #+end_src
229
230 *** Configuring the system
231
232 Let's generate the fstab:
233
234 #+begin_src bash
235 genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
236 #+end_src
237
238 Use your favorite terminal-based editor, edit the fstab file and add
239 the =discard= option for the root partition to enable TRIM on the SSD.
240
241 Now we change root into our newly installed system and will configure
242 it. Adjust these according to your own setup.
243
244 #+begin_src bash
245 arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash
246 passwd # set the root password
247 echo myhostname > /etc/hostname # set the hostname
248 ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Canada/Eastern /etc/localtime # time zone
249 hwclock --systohc --utc # write system clock to hardware clock (UTC)
250 useradd -m -G wheel -s /bin/bash myuser # create myuser
251 passwd myuser # set the password for myuser
252 echo "myuser ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" >> /etc/sudoers.d/myuser
253 # uncomment en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 and other needed locales in /etc/locale.gen
254 locale-gen
255 echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf
256 export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
257 #+end_src
258
259 Then adjust the initramfs hooks in =/etc/mkinitcpio.conf= and enable
260 the =encrypt= and =lvm2= hooks, and make sure =keyboard= is available
261 before =encrypt= so you can actually type in the LUKS password when
262 booting. Your =HOOKS= line should look similar to this:
263
264 #+begin_src
265 HOOKS="base udev autodetect modconf block keyboard encrypt lvm2 filesystems fsck"
266 #+end_src
267
268 After adjusting the hooks, build the initramfs:
269
270 #+begin_src bash
271 mkinitcpio -p linux
272 #+end_src
273
274 Now, install the =intel-ucode= package. We'll configure the bootloader
275 to enable intel microcode updates.
276
277 #+begin_src bash
278 pacman -S intel-ucode
279 #+end_src
280
281 Create the =/boot/loader/loader.conf= with the following content
282 (adjust the timeout to your liking):
283
284 #+begin_src
285 default arch
286 timeout 3
287 #+end_src
288
289 Then create the entry for Arch:
290
291 #+begin_src bash
292 mkdir -p /boot/loader/entries
293 touch /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf
294 #+end_src
295
296 Now edit =/boot/loader/entries/arch.conf= to specify the Arch entry:
297
298 #+begin_src
299 title Arch GNU/Linux
300 linux /vmlinuz-linux
301 initrd /intel-ucode.img
302 initrd /initramfs-linux.img
303 options cryptdevice=/dev/sdaX:vg:allow-discards root=/dev/mapper/vg-root rw
304 #+end_src
305
306 Again, =/dev/sdaX= is the partition you created in the [[#partitioning][partitioning]]
307 step as the underlying encrypted partition.
308
309 Finally, install the bootloader, exit the chroot, umount and reboot!
310
311 #+begin_src bash
312 bootctl install
313 exit
314 umount -R /mnt
315 reboot
316 #+end_src
317
318 *** Post-installation recommendations
319
320 Congratulations! You now have a minimal Arch installation.
321
322 At this point, I usually install my favorite AUR helper, [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/pacaur/][pacaur]], then
323 I install the [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/broadcom-wl-dkms/][broadcom-wl-dkms]] wireless driver and [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/mba6x_bl-dkms/][mba6x_bl-dkms]]
324 backlight driver to fix the post suspend/resume issue where three's no
325 brightness after waking up from suspend, and the only available
326 brightness would be 100%.
327
328 #+begin_src bash
329 pacaur -S linux-headers dkms # linux-headers is required for dkms
330 pacaur -S broadcom-wl-dkms
331 pacaur -S mba6x_bl-dkms
332 #+end_src
333
334 Then, I'd like to install
335
336 - input, graphics, and sound drivers,
337 - a desktop environment (I prefer Xfce or LXQt),
338 - a display manager for login screen (lightdm or sddm), and
339 - a network manager (NetworkManager or ConnMan).
340
341 Check out the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/General_recommendations][General recommendations]] for more details.
342
343 *** References
344
345 Here are some resources I've come across each with lots of useful bits
346 and pieces, about installing Arch on a MacBook:
347
348 - [[https://github.com/pandeiro/arch-on-air][pandeiro/arch-on-air]]
349 - [[https://loicpefferkorn.net/2015/01/arch-linux-on-macbook-pro-retina-2014-with-dm-crypt-lvm-and-suspend-to-disk/][Arch Linux on MacBook Pro Retina 2014 with DM-Crypt, LVM and suspend to disk]]
350 - [[http://frankshin.com/installing-archlinux-on-macbook-air-2013/][Installing Archlinux on Macbook Air 2013]]
351 - [[http://panks.me/posts/2013/06/arch-linux-installation-with-os-x-on-macbook-air-dual-boot/][Arch Linux Installation with OS X on Macbook Air (Dual Boot)]]
352 - [[https://visual-assault.org/2016/03/05/install-encrypted-arch-linux-on-apple-macbook-pro/][Installing (encrypted) Arch Linux on an Apple MacBook Pro]]
353 - [[http://alexeyzabelin.com/arch-on-mac][Installing Arch Linux on a MacBook Air 2013]]
354 - [[https://medium.com/phils-thought-bubble-of-recent-stuff/arch-linux-running-on-my-macbook-2ea525ebefe3][Arch Linux running on my MacBook]]
355 - [[http://codylittlewood.com/arch-linux-on-macbook-pro-installation/][Dual boot Arch Linux on MacBook Pro Installation]]
356
357 * Meta
358 ** Search
359 :PROPERTIES:
360 :EXPORT_HUGO_SECTION: /
361 :EXPORT_FILE_NAME: search
362 :EXPORT_HUGO_LAYOUT: search
363 :EXPORT_HUGO_OUTPUTS: html json
364 :EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER: :sitemap '((priority . 0.1))
365 :END:
366 Results from static site search implemented using /Fusejs/, /jquery/
367 and /mark.js/. -- [[https://gist.github.com/eddiewebb/735feb48f50f0ddd65ae5606a1cb41ae][Source]]
368
369 * COMMENT Local Variables :ARCHIVE:
370 # Local Variables:
371 # org-hugo-footer: "\n\n[//]: # \"Exported with love from a post written in Org mode\"\n[//]: # \"- https://github.com/kaushalmodi/ox-hugo\""
372 # End: