+++ /dev/null
-#+title: Arch Linux on MacBook Air 2013
-#+date: [2016-11-01 Tue]
-#+options: ^:nil
-
-#+include: "../../macros.org"
-
-This post summarizes how I install and dual-boot Arch Linux with
-Full-Disk Encryption alongside macOS. It is not meant to be a
-replacement for the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/installation_guide][Installation Guide]] or the former [[https://csdietz.github.io/arch-beginner-guide/][Beginner's Guide]].
-Rather, it mostly serves as a small summary with a few useful notes
-about the gotchas.
-
-So, make sure you understand what you type into your terminal. If you
-don't, checking out the Arch wiki should probably be your first step.
-
-/Note:/ you will need internet access throughout the installation and
-the MacBook Air's WiFi doesn't work out of the box on Arch Linux. I
-recommend using your phone's USB Tethering (if it does support it), or
-using an Ethernet-USB adapter.
-
-* Shrinking the macOS partition
-
-The first step I take is resizing the HFS+ macOS partition to make
-room for the new {{{abbr(GNU/Linux)}}} installation. There are plenty
-of tutorials on how to do this using macOS's Disk Utility, so do that
-and then come back!
-
-* Creating a bootable Arch Linux Installer USB
-
-There are different ways of creating a bootable Arch Linux USB, all
-documented on the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/USB_flash_installation_media][USB flash installation media]] page on the Arch wiki,
-but the simplest one is using =dd= if you already have access to
-another UNIX system.
-
-{{{span(red,Warning:)}}} make sure you backup the data on your flash
-drive, as =dd= will irrevocably destroy all data on it.
-
-Use =lsblk= to find the name (block device) of your USB drive, then
-run =dd= (as root) as shown below:
-
-#+begin_src bash
-dd bs=4M if=/path/to/archlinux.iso of=/dev/sdx status=progress && sync
-#+end_src
-
-Replace =/path/to/archlinux.iso= with the path to the Arch image you
-have downloaded, and =/dev/sdx= with your drive.
-
-* Booting up from the USB
-
-After creating the install USB, reboot your laptop and hold the alt
-key and boot into the USB.
-
-When booting is complete and you're presented with the prompt, it's a
-good time to make sure you're connected to the internet (see the
-/note/ at the top of this post).
-
-Use =ping= to verify that you've established a connection:
-
-#+begin_src bash
-ping archlinux.org
-#+end_src
-
-* Updating the system clock
-
-Once you're connected to the internet, make sure the system clock is
-accurate:
-
-#+begin_src bash
-timedatectl set-ntp true # start and enable systemd-timesyncd
-#+end_src
-
-You can check the service status using =timedatectl status=.
-
-* Partitioning
-:PROPERTIES:
-:CUSTOM_ID: partitioning
-:END:
-
-I won't dive into partitioning and instead, I'll refer you to the
-[[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Partitioning][Partitioning]] page of Arch wiki. Of the available partitioning tools, I
-personally prefer =cfdisk=.
-
-* Setting up LVM & LUKS
-
-I use a [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dm-crypt/Encrypting_an_entire_system#LVM_on_LUKS][LVM on LUKS]] setup, where I set up LVM on top of the encrypted
-partition.
-
-First, let's set up the underlying encrypted partition:
-
-#+begin_src bash
-cryptsetup -v --cipher aes-xts-plain64 --key-size 512 --hash sha512 \
- --iter-time 5000 --use-urandom -y luksFormat /dev/sdaX
-#+end_src
-
-where =/dev/sdaX= is the partition you created in the last step
-(e.g. =/dev/sda4=). For more information about the =cryptsetup=
-options, see the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dm-crypt/Device_encryption#Encryption_options_for_LUKS_mode][LUKS encryption options]].
-
-Then we open the container:
-
-#+begin_src bash
-cryptsetup open --type luks /dev/sdaX lvm
-#+end_src
-
-Now it's time to use lvm and prepare the logical volume(s):
-
-#+begin_src bash
-pvcreate /dev/mapper/lvm
-vgcreate vg /dev/mapper/lvm
-lvcreate --extents +100%FREE -n root vg
-#+end_src
-
-This will create a physical volume on the mapping we just opened,
-create a volume group named =vg= on the physical volume, and create a
-logical volume named =root= that spans the entire volume group. More
-complex setups are possible thanks to the great flexibility of lvm.
-
-We now format the logical volume with =ext4=:
-
-#+begin_src bash
-mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg-root
-#+end_src
-
-* Installing the base system
-
-Let's mount the logical volume, make a directory for the mount point
-of the boot partition, and mount the boot partition (=/dev/sda1=):
-
-#+begin_src bash
-mount /dev/mapper/vg-root /mnt
-mkdir /mnt/boot
-mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
-#+end_src
-
-Finally, let's install the base system (and optionally =base-devel=):
-
-#+begin_src bash
-pacstrap /mnt base base-devel
-#+end_src
-
-* Configuring the system
-
-Let's generate the fstab:
-
-#+begin_src bash
-genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
-#+end_src
-
-Use your favorite terminal-based editor, edit the fstab file and add
-the =discard= option for the root partition to enable TRIM on the SSD.
-
-Now we change root into our newly installed system and will configure
-it. Adjust these according to your own setup.
-
-#+begin_src bash
-arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash
-passwd # set the root password
-echo myhostname > /etc/hostname # set the hostname
-ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Canada/Eastern /etc/localtime # time zone
-hwclock --systohc --utc # write system clock to hardware clock (UTC)
-useradd -m -G wheel -s /bin/bash myuser # create myuser
-passwd myuser # set the password for myuser
-echo "myuser ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" >> /etc/sudoers.d/myuser
-# uncomment en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 and other needed locales in /etc/locale.gen
-locale-gen
-echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf
-export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
-#+end_src
-
-Then adjust the initramfs hooks in =/etc/mkinitcpio.conf= and enable
-the =encrypt= and =lvm2= hooks, and make sure =keyboard= is available
-before =encrypt= so you can actually type in the LUKS password when
-booting. Your =HOOKS= line should look similar to this:
-
-#+begin_src
-HOOKS="base udev autodetect modconf block keyboard encrypt lvm2 filesystems fsck"
-#+end_src
-
-After adjusting the hooks, build the initramfs:
-
-#+begin_src bash
-mkinitcpio -p linux
-#+end_src
-
-Now, install the =intel-ucode= package. We'll configure the bootloader
-to enable intel microcode updates.
-
-#+begin_src bash
-pacman -S intel-ucode
-#+end_src
-
-Create the =/boot/loader/loader.conf= with the following content
-(adjust the timeout to your liking):
-
-#+begin_src
-default arch
-timeout 3
-#+end_src
-
-Then create the entry for Arch:
-
-#+begin_src bash
-mkdir -p /boot/loader/entries
-touch /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf
-#+end_src
-
-Now edit =/boot/loader/entries/arch.conf= to specify the Arch entry:
-
-#+begin_src
-title Arch Linux
-linux /vmlinuz-linux
-initrd /intel-ucode.img
-initrd /initramfs-linux.img
-options cryptdevice=/dev/sdaX:vg:allow-discards root=/dev/mapper/vg-root rw
-#+end_src
-
-Again, =/dev/sdaX= is the partition you created in the [[#partitioning][partitioning]]
-step as the underlying encrypted partition.
-
-Finally, install the bootloader, exit the chroot, umount and reboot!
-
-#+begin_src bash
-bootctl install
-exit
-umount -R /mnt
-reboot
-#+end_src
-
-* Post-installation recommendations
-
-Congratulations! You now have a minimal Arch installation.
-
-At this point, I usually install my favorite AUR helper, [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/pacaur/][pacaur]], then
-I install the [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/broadcom-wl-dkms/][broadcom-wl-dkms]] wireless driver and [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/mba6x_bl-dkms/][mba6x_bl-dkms]]
-backlight driver to fix the post suspend/resume issue where three's no
-brightness after waking up from suspend, and the only available
-brightness would be 100%.
-
-#+begin_src bash
-pacaur -S linux-headers dkms # linux-headers is required for dkms
-pacaur -S broadcom-wl-dkms
-pacaur -S mba6x_bl-dkms
-#+end_src
-
-Then, I'd like to install
-
-- input, graphics, and sound drivers,
-- a desktop environment (I prefer Xfce or LXQt),
-- a display manager for login screen (lightdm or sddm), and
-- a network manager (NetworkManager or ConnMan).
-
-Check out the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/General_recommendations][General recommendations]] for more details.
-
-* References
-
-Here are some resources I've come across each with lots of useful bits
-and pieces, about installing Arch on a MacBook:
-
-- [[https://github.com/pandeiro/arch-on-air][pandeiro/arch-on-air]]
-- [[https://loicpefferkorn.net/2015/01/arch-linux-on-macbook-pro-retina-2014-with-dm-crypt-lvm-and-suspend-to-disk/][Arch Linux on MacBook Pro Retina 2014 with DM-Crypt, LVM and suspend to disk]]
-- [[http://frankshin.com/installing-archlinux-on-macbook-air-2013/][Installing Archlinux on Macbook Air 2013]]
-- [[http://panks.me/posts/2013/06/arch-linux-installation-with-os-x-on-macbook-air-dual-boot/][Arch Linux Installation with OS X on Macbook Air (Dual Boot)]]
-- [[https://visual-assault.org/2016/03/05/install-encrypted-arch-linux-on-apple-macbook-pro/][Installing (encrypted) Arch Linux on an Apple MacBook Pro]]
-- [[http://alexeyzabelin.com/arch-on-mac][Installing Arch Linux on a MacBook Air 2013]]
-- [[https://medium.com/phils-thought-bubble-of-recent-stuff/arch-linux-running-on-my-macbook-2ea525ebefe3][Arch Linux running on my MacBook]]
-- [[http://codylittlewood.com/arch-linux-on-macbook-pro-installation/][Dual boot Arch Linux on MacBook Pro Installation]]
projects / ~bandali / bndl.org / commitdiff