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1@c -*-texinfo-*-
2@c The GNU Free Documentation License.
3@center Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
4
5@c This file is intended to be included within another document,
6@c hence no sectioning command or @node.
7
8@display
9Copyright @copyright{} 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
10@uref{http://fsf.org/}
11
12Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
13of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
14@end display
15
16@enumerate 0
17@item
18PREAMBLE
19
20The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
21functional and useful document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to
22assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
23with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
24Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
25to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
26for modifications made by others.
27
28This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative
29works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
30complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
31license designed for free software.
32
33We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
34software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
35program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
36software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
37it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
38whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
39principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
40
41@item
42APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
43
44This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
45contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
46distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
47world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
48work under the conditions stated herein. The ``Document'', below,
49refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
50licensee, and is addressed as ``you''. You accept the license if you
51copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
52under copyright law.
53
54A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the
55Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
56modifications and/or translated into another language.
57
58A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section
59of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
60publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
61subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
62directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in
63part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
64any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
65connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
66commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
67them.
68
69The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
70are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
71that says that the Document is released under this License. If a
72section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
73allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
74Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
75Sections then there are none.
76
77The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed,
78as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
79the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
80be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
81
82A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
83represented in a format whose specification is available to the
84general public, that is suitable for revising the document
85straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
86pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
87drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
88for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
89to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
90format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
91or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
92An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
93of text. A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''.
94
95Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
96@sc{ascii} without markup, Texinfo input format, La@TeX{} input
97format, @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} using a publicly available
98@acronym{DTD}, and standard-conforming simple @acronym{HTML},
99PostScript or @acronym{PDF} designed for human modification. Examples
100of transparent image formats include @acronym{PNG}, @acronym{XCF} and
101@acronym{JPG}. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be
102read and edited only by proprietary word processors, @acronym{SGML} or
103@acronym{XML} for which the @acronym{DTD} and/or processing tools are
104not generally available, and the machine-generated @acronym{HTML},
105PostScript or @acronym{PDF} produced by some word processors for
106output purposes only.
107
108The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
109plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
110this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
111formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means
112the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
113preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
114
115The ``publisher'' means any person or entity that distributes copies
116of the Document to the public.
117
118A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose
119title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
120text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a
121specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'',
122``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.) To ``Preserve the Title''
123of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
124section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition.
125
126The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
127states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
128Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
129License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
130implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
131no effect on the meaning of this License.
132
133@item
134VERBATIM COPYING
135
136You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
137commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
138copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
139to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
140conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
141technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
142copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
143compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
144number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
145
146You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
147you may publicly display copies.
148
149@item
150COPYING IN QUANTITY
151
152If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
153printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
154Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
155copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
156Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
157the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
158you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
159the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
160visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
161Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
162the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
163as verbatim copying in other respects.
164
165If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
166legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
167reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
168pages.
169
170If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
171more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
172copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
173a computer-network location from which the general network-using
174public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
175a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
176If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
177when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
178that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
179location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
180Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
181edition to the public.
182
183It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
184Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
185them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
186
187@item
188MODIFICATIONS
189
190You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
191the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
192the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
193Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
194and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
195of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
196
197@enumerate A
198@item
199Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
200from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
201(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
202of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
203if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
204
205@item
206List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
207responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
208Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
209Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
210unless they release you from this requirement.
211
212@item
213State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
214Modified Version, as the publisher.
215
216@item
217Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
218
219@item
220Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
221adjacent to the other copyright notices.
222
223@item
224Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
225giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
226terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
227
228@item
229Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
230and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
231
232@item
233Include an unaltered copy of this License.
234
235@item
236Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add
237to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
238publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
239there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one
240stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
241given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
242Version as stated in the previous sentence.
243
244@item
245Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
246public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
247the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
248it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section.
249You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
250least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
251publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
252
253@item
254For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', Preserve
255the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
256substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
257dedications given therein.
258
259@item
260Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
261unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
262or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
263
264@item
265Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''. Such a section
266may not be included in the Modified Version.
267
268@item
269Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' or
270to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
271
272@item
273Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
274@end enumerate
275
276If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
277appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
278copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
279of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
280list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
281These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
282
283You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
284nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
285parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
286been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
287standard.
288
289You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
290passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
291of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
292Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
293through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
294includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
295by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
296you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
297permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
298
299The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
300give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
301imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
302
303@item
304COMBINING DOCUMENTS
305
306You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
307License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
308versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
309Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
310list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
311license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
312
313The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
314multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
315copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
316different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
317adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
318author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
319Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
320Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
321
322In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History''
323in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
324``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
325and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''. You must delete all
326sections Entitled ``Endorsements.''
327
328@item
329COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
330
331You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
332released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
333License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
334the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
335verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
336
337You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
338it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
339License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
340other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
341
342@item
343AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
344
345A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
346and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
347distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright
348resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
349of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
350When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
351apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
352derivative works of the Document.
353
354If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
355copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
356the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
357covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
358electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
359Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
360aggregate.
361
362@item
363TRANSLATION
364
365Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
366distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
367Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
368permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
369translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
370original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
371translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
372Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
373the original English version of this License and the original versions
374of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
375the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
376or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
377
378If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
379``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
380its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
381title.
382
383@item
384TERMINATION
385
386You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
387except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
388otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and
389will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
390
391However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
392from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
393unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
394terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
395fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
39660 days after the cessation.
397
398Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
399reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
400violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
401received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
402copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
403your receipt of the notice.
404
405Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
406licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
407this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
408reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does
409not give you any rights to use it.
410
411@item
412FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
413
414The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
415of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
416versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
417differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
418@uref{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/}.
419
420Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
421If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
422License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of
423following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
424of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
425Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
426number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
427as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document
428specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this
429License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a
430version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the
431Document.
432
433@item
434RELICENSING
435
436``Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site'' (or ``MMC Site'') means any
437World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
438provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A
439public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A
440``Massive Multiauthor Collaboration'' (or ``MMC'') contained in the
441site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC
442site.
443
444``CC-BY-SA'' means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
445license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
446corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
447California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
448published by that same organization.
449
450``Incorporate'' means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or
451in part, as part of another Document.
452
453An MMC is ``eligible for relicensing'' if it is licensed under this
454License, and if all works that were first published under this License
455somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole
456or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections,
457and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
458
459The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
460under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
461provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
462
463@end enumerate
464
465@page
466@heading ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
467
468To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
469the License in the document and put the following copyright and
470license notices just after the title page:
471
472@smallexample
473@group
474 Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{your name}.
475 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
476 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
477 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
478 with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
479 Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
480 Free Documentation License''.
481@end group
482@end smallexample
483
484If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
485replace the ``with@dots{}Texts.'' line with this:
486
487@smallexample
488@group
489 with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with
490 the Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts
491 being @var{list}.
492@end group
493@end smallexample
494
495If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
496combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
497situation.
498
499If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
500recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
501free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
502to permit their use in free software.
503
504
505@c Local Variables:
506@c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict"
507@c End:
508