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1 | #+title: sources of aminb.org's pages and posts |
2 | ||
3 | #+hugo_base_dir: .. | |
4 | #+seq_todo: TODO DRAFT DONE | |
5 | #+property: header-args :eval never-export | |
6 | #+options: author:nil | |
7 | ||
8 | #+macro: abbr @@html:<abbr>$1</abbr>@@ | |
9 | #+macro: span @@html:<span class="$1">$2</span>@@ | |
10 | ||
11 | * Pages | |
12 | :PROPERTIES: | |
13 | :EXPORT_HUGO_SECTION: / | |
14 | :EXPORT_HUGO_MENU: :menu topnav | |
15 | :END: | |
16 | ||
17 | ** CV | |
18 | :PROPERTIES: | |
19 | :EXPORT_FILE_NAME: cv | |
20 | :END: | |
21 | ||
22 | My academic {{{abbr(CV)}}} is available as [[/cv.pdf][cv.pdf]], | |
23 | and an outdated professional resume is available as [[/resume.pdf][resume.pdf]] as | |
24 | well. | |
25 | ||
26 | I'm interested in functional programming and functional languages, | |
27 | type systems, and formal methods in general. I love writing Haskell | |
28 | and I'm looking into Rust and Lean as well. Feel free to [[/contact][drop me a | |
29 | line]] if you like to geek out about any of the above. | |
30 | ||
31 | ** TODO Now | |
32 | ||
33 | ** TODO Projects | |
34 | ||
35 | ** TODO Contact | |
36 | ||
37 | * Posts | |
38 | :PROPERTIES: | |
39 | :EXPORT_HUGO_SECTION: post | |
40 | :EXPORT_HUGO_MENU: :menu main | |
41 | :END: | |
42 | ||
43 | ** Arch GNU/Linux on MacBook Air 2013 :arch:macbook: | |
44 | :PROPERTIES: | |
45 | :EXPORT_FILE_NAME: arch-macbook-air | |
46 | :EXPORT_DATE: 2016-11-01 | |
47 | :EXPORT_HUGO_MENU: :menu main | |
48 | :EXPORT_OPTIONS: ^:{} | |
49 | :END: | |
50 | ||
51 | This post summarizes how I install and dual-boot Arch GNU/Linux with | |
52 | Full-Disk Encryption alongside macOS. It is not meant to be a | |
53 | replacement for the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/installation_guide][Installation Guide]] or the former [[https://csdietz.github.io/arch-beginner-guide/][Beginner's Guide]]. | |
54 | Rather, it mostly serves as a small summary with a few useful notes | |
55 | about the gotchas. | |
56 | ||
57 | So, make sure you understand what you type into your terminal. If you | |
58 | don't, checking out the Arch wiki should probably be your first step. | |
59 | ||
60 | /Note:/ you will need internet access throughout the installation and | |
61 | the MacBook Air's WiFi doesn't work out of the box on Arch. I | |
62 | recommend using your phone's USB Tethering (if it does support it), or | |
63 | using an Ethernet-USB adapter. | |
64 | ||
65 | *** Shrinking the macOS partition | |
66 | ||
67 | The first step I take is resizing the HFS+ macOS partition to make | |
68 | room for the new {{{abbr(GNU/Linux)}}} installation. There are plenty | |
69 | of tutorials on how to do this using macOS's Disk Utility, so do that | |
70 | and then come back! | |
71 | ||
72 | *** Creating a bootable Arch Installer USB | |
73 | ||
74 | There are different ways of creating a bootable Arch USB, all | |
75 | documented on the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/USB_flash_installation_media][USB flash installation media]] page on the Arch wiki, | |
76 | but the simplest one is using =dd= if you already have access to | |
77 | another UNIX system. | |
78 | ||
79 | {{{span(red,Warning:)}}} make sure you backup the data on your flash | |
80 | drive, as =dd= will irrevocably destroy all data on it. | |
81 | ||
82 | Use =lsblk= to find the name (block device) of your USB drive, then | |
83 | run =dd= (as root) as shown below: | |
84 | ||
85 | #+begin_src bash | |
86 | dd bs=4M if=/path/to/archlinux.iso of=/dev/sdx status=progress && sync | |
87 | #+end_src | |
88 | ||
89 | Replace =/path/to/archlinux.iso= with the path to the Arch image you | |
90 | have downloaded, and =/dev/sdx= with your drive. | |
91 | ||
92 | *** Booting up from the USB | |
93 | ||
94 | After creating the install USB, reboot your laptop and hold the alt | |
95 | key and boot into the USB. | |
96 | ||
97 | When booting is complete and you're presented with the prompt, it's a | |
98 | good time to make sure you're connected to the internet (see the | |
99 | /note/ at the top of this post). | |
100 | ||
101 | Use =ping= to verify that you've established a connection: | |
102 | ||
103 | #+begin_src bash | |
104 | ping archlinux.org | |
105 | #+end_src | |
106 | ||
107 | *** Updating the system clock | |
108 | ||
109 | Once you're connected to the internet, make sure the system clock is | |
110 | accurate: | |
111 | ||
112 | #+begin_src bash | |
113 | timedatectl set-ntp true # start and enable systemd-timesyncd | |
114 | #+end_src | |
115 | ||
116 | You can check the service status using =timedatectl status=. | |
117 | ||
118 | *** Partitioning | |
119 | :PROPERTIES: | |
120 | :CUSTOM_ID: partitioning | |
121 | :END: | |
122 | ||
123 | I won't dive into partitioning and instead, I'll refer you to the | |
124 | [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Partitioning][Partitioning]] page of Arch wiki. Of the available partitioning tools, I | |
125 | personally prefer =cfdisk=. | |
126 | ||
127 | *** Setting up LVM & LUKS | |
128 | ||
129 | I use a [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dm-crypt/Encrypting_an_entire_system#LVM_on_LUKS][LVM on LUKS]] setup, where I set up LVM on top of the encrypted | |
130 | partition. | |
131 | ||
132 | First, let's set up the underlying encrypted partition: | |
133 | ||
134 | #+begin_src bash | |
135 | cryptsetup -v --cipher aes-xts-plain64 --key-size 512 --hash sha512 \ | |
136 | --iter-time 5000 --use-urandom -y luksFormat /dev/sdaX | |
137 | #+end_src | |
138 | ||
139 | where =/dev/sdaX= is the partition you created in the last step | |
140 | (e.g. =/dev/sda4=). For more information about the =cryptsetup= | |
141 | options, see the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dm-crypt/Device_encryption#Encryption_options_for_LUKS_mode][LUKS encryption options]]. | |
142 | ||
143 | Then we open the container: | |
144 | ||
145 | #+begin_src bash | |
146 | cryptsetup open --type luks /dev/sdaX lvm | |
147 | #+end_src | |
148 | ||
149 | Now it's time to use lvm and prepare the logical volume(s): | |
150 | ||
151 | #+begin_src bash | |
152 | pvcreate /dev/mapper/lvm | |
153 | vgcreate vg /dev/mapper/lvm | |
154 | lvcreate --extents +100%FREE -n root vg | |
155 | #+end_src | |
156 | ||
157 | This will create a physical volume on the mapping we just opened, | |
158 | create a volume group named =vg= on the physical volume, and create a | |
159 | logical volume named =root= that spans the entire volume group. More | |
160 | complex setups are possible thanks to the great flexibility of lvm. | |
161 | ||
162 | We now format the logical volume with =ext4=: | |
163 | ||
164 | #+begin_src bash | |
165 | mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg-root | |
166 | #+end_src | |
167 | ||
168 | *** Installing the base system | |
169 | ||
170 | Let's mount the logical volume, make a directory for the mount point | |
171 | of the boot partition, and mount the boot partition (=/dev/sda1=): | |
172 | ||
173 | #+begin_src bash | |
174 | mount /dev/mapper/vg-root /mnt | |
175 | mkdir /mnt/boot | |
176 | mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot | |
177 | #+end_src | |
178 | ||
179 | Finally, let's install the base system (and optionally =base-devel=): | |
180 | ||
181 | #+begin_src bash | |
182 | pacstrap /mnt base base-devel | |
183 | #+end_src | |
184 | ||
185 | *** Configuring the system | |
186 | ||
187 | Let's generate the fstab: | |
188 | ||
189 | #+begin_src bash | |
190 | genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab | |
191 | #+end_src | |
192 | ||
193 | Use your favorite terminal-based editor, edit the fstab file and add | |
194 | the =discard= option for the root partition to enable TRIM on the SSD. | |
195 | ||
196 | Now we change root into our newly installed system and will configure | |
197 | it. Adjust these according to your own setup. | |
198 | ||
199 | #+begin_src bash | |
200 | arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash | |
201 | passwd # set the root password | |
202 | echo myhostname > /etc/hostname # set the hostname | |
203 | ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Canada/Eastern /etc/localtime # time zone | |
204 | hwclock --systohc --utc # write system clock to hardware clock (UTC) | |
205 | useradd -m -G wheel -s /bin/bash myuser # create myuser | |
206 | passwd myuser # set the password for myuser | |
207 | echo "myuser ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" >> /etc/sudoers.d/myuser | |
208 | # uncomment en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 and other needed locales in /etc/locale.gen | |
209 | locale-gen | |
210 | echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf | |
211 | export LANG=en_US.UTF-8 | |
212 | #+end_src | |
213 | ||
214 | Then adjust the initramfs hooks in =/etc/mkinitcpio.conf= and enable | |
215 | the =encrypt= and =lvm2= hooks, and make sure =keyboard= is available | |
216 | before =encrypt= so you can actually type in the LUKS password when | |
217 | booting. Your =HOOKS= line should look similar to this: | |
218 | ||
219 | #+begin_src | |
220 | HOOKS="base udev autodetect modconf block keyboard encrypt lvm2 filesystems fsck" | |
221 | #+end_src | |
222 | ||
223 | After adjusting the hooks, build the initramfs: | |
224 | ||
225 | #+begin_src bash | |
226 | mkinitcpio -p linux | |
227 | #+end_src | |
228 | ||
229 | Now, install the =intel-ucode= package. We'll configure the bootloader | |
230 | to enable intel microcode updates. | |
231 | ||
232 | #+begin_src bash | |
233 | pacman -S intel-ucode | |
234 | #+end_src | |
235 | ||
236 | Create the =/boot/loader/loader.conf= with the following content | |
237 | (adjust the timeout to your liking): | |
238 | ||
239 | #+begin_src | |
240 | default arch | |
241 | timeout 3 | |
242 | #+end_src | |
243 | ||
244 | Then create the entry for Arch: | |
245 | ||
246 | #+begin_src bash | |
247 | mkdir -p /boot/loader/entries | |
248 | touch /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf | |
249 | #+end_src | |
250 | ||
251 | Now edit =/boot/loader/entries/arch.conf= to specify the Arch entry: | |
252 | ||
253 | #+begin_src | |
254 | title Arch GNU/Linux | |
255 | linux /vmlinuz-linux | |
256 | initrd /intel-ucode.img | |
257 | initrd /initramfs-linux.img | |
258 | options cryptdevice=/dev/sdaX:vg:allow-discards root=/dev/mapper/vg-root rw | |
259 | #+end_src | |
260 | ||
261 | Again, =/dev/sdaX= is the partition you created in the [[#partitioning][partitioning]] | |
262 | step as the underlying encrypted partition. | |
263 | ||
264 | Finally, install the bootloader, exit the chroot, umount and reboot! | |
265 | ||
266 | #+begin_src bash | |
267 | bootctl install | |
268 | exit | |
269 | umount -R /mnt | |
270 | reboot | |
271 | #+end_src | |
272 | ||
273 | *** Post-installation recommendations | |
274 | ||
275 | Congratulations! You now have a minimal Arch installation. | |
276 | ||
277 | At this point, I usually install my favorite AUR helper, [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/pacaur/][pacaur]], then | |
278 | I install the [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/broadcom-wl-dkms/][broadcom-wl-dkms]] wireless driver and [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/mba6x_bl-dkms/][mba6x_bl-dkms]] | |
279 | backlight driver to fix the post suspend/resume issue where three's no | |
280 | brightness after waking up from suspend, and the only available | |
281 | brightness would be 100%. | |
282 | ||
283 | #+begin_src bash | |
284 | pacaur -S linux-headers dkms # linux-headers is required for dkms | |
285 | pacaur -S broadcom-wl-dkms | |
286 | pacaur -S mba6x_bl-dkms | |
287 | #+end_src | |
288 | ||
289 | Then, I'd like to install | |
290 | ||
291 | - input, graphics, and sound drivers, | |
292 | - a desktop environment (I prefer Xfce or LXQt), | |
293 | - a display manager for login screen (lightdm or sddm), and | |
294 | - a network manager (NetworkManager or ConnMan). | |
295 | ||
296 | Check out the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/General_recommendations][General recommendations]] for more details. | |
297 | ||
298 | *** References | |
299 | ||
300 | Here are some resources I've come across each with lots of useful bits | |
301 | and pieces, about installing Arch on a MacBook: | |
302 | ||
303 | - [[https://github.com/pandeiro/arch-on-air][pandeiro/arch-on-air]] | |
304 | - [[https://loicpefferkorn.net/2015/01/arch-linux-on-macbook-pro-retina-2014-with-dm-crypt-lvm-and-suspend-to-disk/][Arch Linux on MacBook Pro Retina 2014 with DM-Crypt, LVM and suspend to disk]] | |
305 | - [[http://frankshin.com/installing-archlinux-on-macbook-air-2013/][Installing Archlinux on Macbook Air 2013]] | |
306 | - [[http://panks.me/posts/2013/06/arch-linux-installation-with-os-x-on-macbook-air-dual-boot/][Arch Linux Installation with OS X on Macbook Air (Dual Boot)]] | |
307 | - [[https://visual-assault.org/2016/03/05/install-encrypted-arch-linux-on-apple-macbook-pro/][Installing (encrypted) Arch Linux on an Apple MacBook Pro]] | |
308 | - [[http://alexeyzabelin.com/arch-on-mac][Installing Arch Linux on a MacBook Air 2013]] | |
309 | - [[https://medium.com/phils-thought-bubble-of-recent-stuff/arch-linux-running-on-my-macbook-2ea525ebefe3][Arch Linux running on my MacBook]] | |
310 | - [[http://codylittlewood.com/arch-linux-on-macbook-pro-installation/][Dual boot Arch Linux on MacBook Pro Installation]] | |
311 | ||
312 | * Meta | |
313 | ** Search | |
314 | :PROPERTIES: | |
315 | :EXPORT_HUGO_SECTION: / | |
316 | :EXPORT_FILE_NAME: search | |
317 | :EXPORT_HUGO_LAYOUT: search | |
318 | :EXPORT_HUGO_OUTPUTS: html json | |
319 | :EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER: :sitemap '((priority . 0.1)) | |
320 | :END: | |
321 | Results from static site search implemented using /Fusejs/, /jquery/ | |
322 | and /mark.js/. -- [[https://gist.github.com/eddiewebb/735feb48f50f0ddd65ae5606a1cb41ae][Source]] | |
323 | ||
324 | * COMMENT Local Variables :ARCHIVE: | |
325 | # Local Variables: | |
326 | # org-hugo-footer: "\n\n[//]: # \"Exported with love from a post written in Org mode\"\n[//]: # \"- https://github.com/kaushalmodi/ox-hugo\"" | |
327 | # End: |