git.shemshak.org - ~bandali/bndl.org/blob - content-org/aminb.org

   1 #+title: sources of aminb.org's pages and posts
   2
   3 #+hugo_base_dir: ..
   4 #+seq_todo: TODO DRAFT DONE
   5 #+property: header-args :eval never-export
   6 #+options: author:nil
   7
   8 #+macro: abbr @@html:<abbr>$1</abbr>@@
   9 #+macro: span @@html:<span class="$1">$2</span>@@
  10
  11 * Pages
  12 :PROPERTIES:
  13 :EXPORT_HUGO_SECTION: /
  14 :EXPORT_HUGO_MENU: :menu topnav
  15 :END:
  16
  17 ** CV
  18 :PROPERTIES:
  19 :EXPORT_FILE_NAME: cv
  20 :END:
  21
  22 My academic {{{abbr(CV)}}} is available as [[/cv.pdf][cv.pdf]],
  23 and an outdated professional resume is available as [[/resume.pdf][resume.pdf]] as
  24 well.
  25
  26 I'm interested in functional programming and functional languages,
  27 type systems, and formal methods in general.  I love writing Haskell
  28 and I'm looking into Rust and Lean as well.  Feel free to [[/contact][drop me a
  29 line]] if you like to geek out about any of the above.
  30
  31 ** TODO Now
  32
  33 ** TODO Projects
  34
  35 ** TODO Contact
  36
  37 * Posts
  38 :PROPERTIES:
  39 :EXPORT_HUGO_SECTION: post
  40 :EXPORT_HUGO_MENU: :menu main
  41 :END:
  42
  43 ** Arch GNU/Linux on MacBook Air 2013                         :arch:macbook:
  44 :PROPERTIES:
  45 :EXPORT_FILE_NAME: arch-macbook-air
  46 :EXPORT_DATE: 2016-11-01
  47 :EXPORT_HUGO_MENU: :menu main
  48 :EXPORT_OPTIONS: ^:{}
  49 :END:
  50
  51 This post summarizes how I install and dual-boot Arch GNU/Linux with
  52 Full-Disk Encryption alongside macOS.  It is not meant to be a
  53 replacement for the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/installation_guide][Installation Guide]] or the former [[https://csdietz.github.io/arch-beginner-guide/][Beginner's Guide]].
  54 Rather, it mostly serves as a small summary with a few useful notes
  55 about the gotchas.
  56
  57 So, make sure you understand what you type into your terminal.  If you
  58 don't, checking out the Arch wiki should probably be your first step.
  59
  60 /Note:/ you will need internet access throughout the installation and
  61 the MacBook Air's WiFi doesn't work out of the box on Arch.  I
  62 recommend using your phone's USB Tethering (if it does support it), or
  63 using an Ethernet-USB adapter.
  64
  65 *** Shrinking the macOS partition
  66
  67 The first step I take is resizing the HFS+ macOS partition to make
  68 room for the new {{{abbr(GNU/Linux)}}} installation.  There are plenty
  69 of tutorials on how to do this using macOS's Disk Utility, so do that
  70 and then come back!
  71
  72 *** Creating a bootable Arch Installer USB
  73
  74 There are different ways of creating a bootable Arch USB, all
  75 documented on the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/USB_flash_installation_media][USB flash installation media]] page on the Arch wiki,
  76 but the simplest one is using =dd= if you already have access to
  77 another UNIX system.
  78
  79 {{{span(red,Warning:)}}} make sure you backup the data on your flash
  80 drive, as =dd= will irrevocably destroy all data on it.
  81
  82 Use =lsblk= to find the name (block device) of your USB drive, then
  83 run =dd= (as root) as shown below:
  84
  85 #+begin_src bash
  86 dd bs=4M if=/path/to/archlinux.iso of=/dev/sdx status=progress && sync
  87 #+end_src
  88
  89 Replace =/path/to/archlinux.iso= with the path to the Arch image you
  90 have downloaded, and =/dev/sdx= with your drive.
  91
  92 *** Booting up from the USB
  93
  94 After creating the install USB, reboot your laptop and hold the alt
  95 key and boot into the USB.
  96
  97 When booting is complete and you're presented with the prompt, it's a
  98 good time to make sure you're connected to the internet (see the
  99 /note/ at the top of this post).
 100
 101 Use =ping= to verify that you've established a connection:
 102
 103 #+begin_src bash
 104 ping archlinux.org
 105 #+end_src
 106
 107 *** Updating the system clock
 108
 109 Once you're connected to the internet, make sure the system clock is
 110 accurate:
 111
 112 #+begin_src bash
 113 timedatectl set-ntp true  # start and enable systemd-timesyncd
 114 #+end_src
 115
 116 You can check the service status using =timedatectl status=.
 117
 118 *** Partitioning
 119 :PROPERTIES:
 120 :CUSTOM_ID: partitioning
 121 :END:
 122
 123 I won't dive into partitioning and instead, I'll refer you to the
 124 [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Partitioning][Partitioning]] page of Arch wiki. Of the available partitioning tools, I
 125 personally prefer =cfdisk=.
 126
 127 *** Setting up LVM & LUKS
 128
 129 I use a [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dm-crypt/Encrypting_an_entire_system#LVM_on_LUKS][LVM on LUKS]] setup, where I set up LVM on top of the encrypted
 130 partition.
 131
 132 First, let's set up the underlying encrypted partition:
 133
 134 #+begin_src bash
 135 cryptsetup -v --cipher aes-xts-plain64 --key-size 512 --hash sha512 \
 136            --iter-time 5000 --use-urandom -y luksFormat /dev/sdaX
 137 #+end_src
 138
 139 where =/dev/sdaX= is the partition you created in the last step
 140 (e.g. =/dev/sda4=). For more information about the =cryptsetup=
 141 options, see the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dm-crypt/Device_encryption#Encryption_options_for_LUKS_mode][LUKS encryption options]].
 142
 143 Then we open the container:
 144
 145 #+begin_src bash
 146 cryptsetup open --type luks /dev/sdaX lvm
 147 #+end_src
 148
 149 Now it's time to use lvm and prepare the logical volume(s):
 150
 151 #+begin_src bash
 152 pvcreate /dev/mapper/lvm
 153 vgcreate vg /dev/mapper/lvm
 154 lvcreate --extents +100%FREE -n root vg
 155 #+end_src
 156
 157 This will create a physical volume on the mapping we just opened,
 158 create a volume group named =vg= on the physical volume, and create a
 159 logical volume named =root= that spans the entire volume group. More
 160 complex setups are possible thanks to the great flexibility of lvm.
 161
 162 We now format the logical volume with =ext4=:
 163
 164 #+begin_src bash
 165 mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg-root
 166 #+end_src
 167
 168 *** Installing the base system
 169
 170 Let's mount the logical volume, make a directory for the mount point
 171 of the boot partition, and mount the boot partition (=/dev/sda1=):
 172
 173 #+begin_src bash
 174 mount /dev/mapper/vg-root /mnt
 175 mkdir /mnt/boot
 176 mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
 177 #+end_src
 178
 179 Finally, let's install the base system (and optionally =base-devel=):
 180
 181 #+begin_src bash
 182 pacstrap /mnt base base-devel
 183 #+end_src
 184
 185 *** Configuring the system
 186
 187 Let's generate the fstab:
 188
 189 #+begin_src bash
 190 genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
 191 #+end_src
 192
 193 Use your favorite terminal-based editor, edit the fstab file and add
 194 the =discard= option for the root partition to enable TRIM on the SSD.
 195
 196 Now we change root into our newly installed system and will configure
 197 it. Adjust these according to your own setup.
 198
 199 #+begin_src bash
 200 arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash
 201 passwd  # set the root password
 202 echo myhostname > /etc/hostname  # set the hostname
 203 ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Canada/Eastern /etc/localtime  # time zone
 204 hwclock --systohc --utc   # write system clock to hardware clock (UTC)
 205 useradd -m -G wheel -s /bin/bash myuser  # create myuser
 206 passwd myuser  # set the password for myuser
 207 echo "myuser ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" >> /etc/sudoers.d/myuser
 208 # uncomment en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 and other needed locales in /etc/locale.gen
 209 locale-gen
 210 echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf
 211 export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
 212 #+end_src
 213
 214 Then adjust the initramfs hooks in =/etc/mkinitcpio.conf= and enable
 215 the =encrypt= and =lvm2= hooks, and make sure =keyboard= is available
 216 before =encrypt= so you can actually type in the LUKS password when
 217 booting. Your =HOOKS= line should look similar to this:
 218
 219 #+begin_src
 220 HOOKS="base udev autodetect modconf block keyboard encrypt lvm2 filesystems fsck"
 221 #+end_src
 222
 223 After adjusting the hooks, build the initramfs:
 224
 225 #+begin_src bash
 226 mkinitcpio -p linux
 227 #+end_src
 228
 229 Now, install the =intel-ucode= package. We'll configure the bootloader
 230 to enable intel microcode updates.
 231
 232 #+begin_src bash
 233 pacman -S intel-ucode
 234 #+end_src
 235
 236 Create the =/boot/loader/loader.conf= with the following content
 237 (adjust the timeout to your liking):
 238
 239 #+begin_src
 240 default arch
 241 timeout 3
 242 #+end_src
 243
 244 Then create the entry for Arch:
 245
 246 #+begin_src bash
 247 mkdir -p /boot/loader/entries
 248 touch /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf
 249 #+end_src
 250
 251 Now edit =/boot/loader/entries/arch.conf= to specify the Arch entry:
 252
 253 #+begin_src
 254 title    Arch GNU/Linux
 255 linux    /vmlinuz-linux
 256 initrd   /intel-ucode.img
 257 initrd   /initramfs-linux.img
 258 options  cryptdevice=/dev/sdaX:vg:allow-discards root=/dev/mapper/vg-root rw
 259 #+end_src
 260
 261 Again, =/dev/sdaX= is the partition you created in the [[#partitioning][partitioning]]
 262 step as the underlying encrypted partition.
 263
 264 Finally, install the bootloader, exit the chroot, umount and reboot!
 265
 266 #+begin_src bash
 267 bootctl install
 268 exit
 269 umount -R /mnt
 270 reboot
 271 #+end_src
 272
 273 *** Post-installation recommendations
 274
 275 Congratulations! You now have a minimal Arch installation.
 276
 277 At this point, I usually install my favorite AUR helper, [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/pacaur/][pacaur]], then
 278 I install the [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/broadcom-wl-dkms/][broadcom-wl-dkms]] wireless driver and [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/mba6x_bl-dkms/][mba6x_bl-dkms]]
 279 backlight driver to fix the post suspend/resume issue where three's no
 280 brightness after waking up from suspend, and the only available
 281 brightness would be 100%.
 282
 283 #+begin_src bash
 284 pacaur -S linux-headers dkms  # linux-headers is required for dkms
 285 pacaur -S broadcom-wl-dkms
 286 pacaur -S mba6x_bl-dkms
 287 #+end_src
 288
 289 Then, I'd like to install
 290
 291 - input, graphics, and sound drivers,
 292 - a desktop environment (I prefer Xfce or LXQt),
 293 - a display manager for login screen (lightdm or sddm), and
 294 - a network manager (NetworkManager or ConnMan).
 295
 296 Check out the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/General_recommendations][General recommendations]] for more details.
 297
 298 *** References
 299
 300 Here are some resources I've come across each with lots of useful bits
 301 and pieces, about installing Arch on a MacBook:
 302
 303 - [[https://github.com/pandeiro/arch-on-air][pandeiro/arch-on-air]]
 304 - [[https://loicpefferkorn.net/2015/01/arch-linux-on-macbook-pro-retina-2014-with-dm-crypt-lvm-and-suspend-to-disk/][Arch Linux on MacBook Pro Retina 2014 with DM-Crypt, LVM and suspend to disk]]
 305 - [[http://frankshin.com/installing-archlinux-on-macbook-air-2013/][Installing Archlinux on Macbook Air 2013]]
 306 - [[http://panks.me/posts/2013/06/arch-linux-installation-with-os-x-on-macbook-air-dual-boot/][Arch Linux Installation with OS X on Macbook Air (Dual Boot)]]
 307 - [[https://visual-assault.org/2016/03/05/install-encrypted-arch-linux-on-apple-macbook-pro/][Installing (encrypted) Arch Linux on an Apple MacBook Pro]]
 308 - [[http://alexeyzabelin.com/arch-on-mac][Installing Arch Linux on a MacBook Air 2013]]
 309 - [[https://medium.com/phils-thought-bubble-of-recent-stuff/arch-linux-running-on-my-macbook-2ea525ebefe3][Arch Linux running on my MacBook]]
 310 - [[http://codylittlewood.com/arch-linux-on-macbook-pro-installation/][Dual boot Arch Linux on MacBook Pro Installation]]
 311
 312 * Meta
 313 ** Search
 314 :PROPERTIES:
 315 :EXPORT_HUGO_SECTION: /
 316 :EXPORT_FILE_NAME: search
 317 :EXPORT_HUGO_LAYOUT: search
 318 :EXPORT_HUGO_OUTPUTS: html json
 319 :EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER: :sitemap '((priority . 0.1))
 320 :END:
 321 Results from static site search implemented using /Fusejs/, /jquery/
 322 and /mark.js/. -- [[https://gist.github.com/eddiewebb/735feb48f50f0ddd65ae5606a1cb41ae][Source]]
 323
 324 * COMMENT Local Variables                                           :ARCHIVE:
 325 # Local Variables:
 326 # org-hugo-footer: "\n\n[//]: # \"Exported with love from a post written in Org mode\"\n[//]: # \"- https://github.com/kaushalmodi/ox-hugo\""
 327 # End: